In Merapi volcano mitigation, the cooperation within/between the local communities is a key strategy for effective evacuation. In the “sister village” scenario, the meeting area and shelter have been coordinated, but people’s behavior has not been fully considered yet in the vulnerability assessment and government’s contingency plan. The purpose of this study is to assess the people’s behavior, mutual assistance, and social vulnerability index of pedestrian evacuation in four affected regencies. First, we measured the walking speed directly, conducted interviews with stakeholders, and focus group discussions with local communities. We used the multicriteria method and focused on two factors, social and age structure (young, vulnerable, and mutual assistance between them), and risk perception (work, rain, night, alert, and destination). The index reflects the distribution of actual walking speed, mutual assistance, and the government’s plan. The result showed that mutual assistance groups have a higher walking speed than vulnerable people but lower than young people. Mutual assistance coordination is crucial to support vulnerable to effective travel time. The social and age structure of the social vulnerability index has a stronger risk influence than the perception factor in the evacuation process. However, these two factors have a minor impact on social vulnerability to the total population.

The successful evacuation of vulnerable people during emergencies is a significant challenge. In the case of a Mount Merapi eruption, limited private vehicles in the community and a lack of evacuation transport and government volunteers led some people to walk to the meeting area. Consequently, low walking speeds by vulnerable persons may increase the risk and delay. Therefore, the mutual assistance strategy is proposed to support vulnerable people by evacuating them with young people. This grouping was simulated using an AnyLogic software with the agent-based model concept. Pedestrians and vehicles played the roles of significant agents in this experiment. Evacuation departure rate, actual walking speed, group size, route, and coordination were crucial agent parameters. Human behavior and agent distribution were investigated using stakeholders and local community interviews. We measured the walking speed directly to find the independent and group speed. Afterward, we developed three scenarios and models for the evacuation process. A traffic approach was used in the simulation. The results revealed that this mutual assistance model is effective for the rapid evacuation and risk reduction of vulnerable communities where successful evacuation rates have improved. The highest arrival rating was obtained by the Model 3, which was assembled and well-coordinated from home. These findings are a novelty in the volcano context and reflect all categories of vulnerable behavior involving the elderly, disabled, children, and pregnant mothers. The model will benefit disaster management studies and authorities’ policies for sustainable evacuation planning and aging population mitigation.

AbstrakBerdasarkan Keputusan Menteri Perhubungan Nomor KP 1164 Tahun 2013, Bandara Adi Sutjipto Yogyakarta direncanakan pindah ke Kabupaten Kulon Progo karena jumlah penumpang saat ini sudah melebihi daya tampung terminal. Salah satu moda transportasi untuk menunjang aksesibilitas integrasi ini adalah kereta api. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi alternatif trase penelitian sebelumnya, memberikan alternatif trase baru, dan menentukan trase terbaik. Survei pendahuluan berupa pengamatan langsung di lokasi penelitian untuk mengevaluasi trase penelitian sebelumnya dan mensurvei daerah yang memungkinkan untuk direncanakan alternatif trase baru. Pembobotan kriteria dan pemilihan alternatif trase dilakukan dengan wawancara dan pengisian kuesioner oleh stakeholder dan dianalisis menggunakan metode Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Stakeholder ditentukan dengan teknik purposive sampling yang terdiri dari berbagai instansi terkait. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa trase yang direncanakan penelitian sebelumnya (Trase A) berpotensi konflik sosial dan tidak sesuai dengan masterplan bandara baru. Alternatif trase baru (Trase B) memiliki panjang trase lebih pendek dan sebagian besar menggunakan lahan pertanian sehingga konflik sosial rendah. Trase terbaik berdasarkan metode AHP adalah Trase B dengan total bobot akhir lebih tinggi daripada total bobot Trase A. Kata kunci: Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), bandara, jalur kereta api, trase Abstract Based on the Minister of Transportation decision number KP. 1164-2013, Adisutjipto Yogyakarta Airport is planned to move to Kulon Progo Regency because the existing passangers number exceeds the terminal's capacity. One mode of transportation to support the integration accessibility is the train. This research aims to

Asphalt concrete can be made through several methods including hot mix using Starbit E-55 asphalt as a binder and limestone as filler. This research aimed to determine the feasibility of the use of limestone as filler in AC-WC mixture and to identify the effects of limestone addition on the Marshall Characteristics, Durability, Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS), and Permeability. The first stage was to test the properties of materials consisting of aggregate, asphalt, and limestone. The second stage was to determine the optimum asphalt content with 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% filler proportions, and the last stage was to conduct the Marshall, Immersion, ITS, and Permeability tests. The results showed that limestone has been in accordance with the performance requirements specified for a filler of AC-WC mixture using Starbit E-55 asphalt as a binder. There was a change in the Marshall characteristics of optimum asphalt content. The durability increased, and the ITS values of AC-WC mixture improved along with the increase in limestone proportion. However, the permeability test indicated that the mixture has a poor drainage feature towards water after variation in filler proportions was performed.