In dealing with the demand for critical and creative thinking skills in the 21st-century, the Indonesia government has implemented 2013 curriculum which promotes higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) in the classroom. However, the implementation of HOTS-based curriculum gave impact to the way teacher assesses the students' thinking skills as they are expected to be able to design HOTS-based test items in assessing students. Accordingly, this study investigated the higher-order thinking skills represented on the test items designed by English teachers of Indonesia at the senior high school level. This study was conducted qualitatively by analyzing four sets of test items, gathered from a senior high school in Indonesia from 2016 to 2019, using Bloom's revised taxonomy. It was found that most questions were dominated by lower-order thinking skills, specifically understanding level, with the total percentage of more than 50% each set of test items. However, the higher-order thinking skill found in the test items is the only skill of analyzing while the skills of evaluating or creating were not covered. Thus, it is suggested that an evaluation is important to evaluate the test items made since the proportion of lower-order thinking skills as well as higher-order thinking skills are not proportional and whether those test items can be sufficient to promote higher-order thinking skills to the students.

This research aimed to propose multimodal-based English teaching through video for university students majoring in marketing management through project-based learning. Teaching English for university students are belonging to the field of English for Specific Purposes (ESP). It needs special treatments due to the fact that ESP students have different needs for English use for their future jobs, since the industrial revolution 4.0 typically affected the economic area. For presenting the research, the qualitative research design was employed. This research used interpretive analysis in the context of discourse analysis. The commercial advertisement video was analyzed in terms of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) and semiotic features of multimodal discourse analysis. The analysis results of the video show that semiotic features are more powerful than linguistics aspects in promoting goods well. The video is expectedly used to teach language for promotion to the university students, particularly in marketing management majors. The teaching-learning process would be guided by the use of project-based learning method so that the outcomes would be in the form of the promotional video which employs both linguistics and semiotic features.

Higher-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) is inevitably important to develop students' critical thinking as well as creative thinking skills in 21st century era. In the current curriculum of Indonesia, called 2013 curriculum, the government tries to promote the development of students' critical and creative thinking by applying HOTS-based teaching in the classroom. In fact, when conducting teaching learning process, teachers are directly or indirectly influenced by their perceptions about HOTS itself. To reveal their perceptions, this study aims to investigate English teachers' perceptions on HOTS implementation in Indonesia context. The subject of this survey is 28 pre-service and 10 in-service English teachers in high school level in Indonesia. There are four areas of HOTS perceptions that are investigated in this study namely teachers' perceptions on planning, teachers' perceptions on implementing, teachers' perceptions on assessing and teachers' perceptions on responsibility towards HOTS teaching learning activities. The result shows that in the areas of planning, implementing, and assessing, pre-service teachers show more positive result than inservice teachers. On the other hand, in the area of responsibility, in-service teachers show more positive result than pre-service teachers.