The pyrolysis reactor is a tool that functions to decompose organic compounds from biomass materials which is carried out by a heating process without or little air with temperatures ranging from 300-600°C. The results obtained from the pyrolysis reactor process are charcoal and liquid smoke. The existing air will accelerate the process of biomass oxidation, but if there is excess air it will cause combustion of the biomass so that most of it will be oxidized and decomposed into smoke and this will cause less charcoal yield. However, without air, the pyrolysis process will take longer. Therefore, an ideal air requirement is needed so that the effectiveness of this biomass pyrolysis process can be maintained because it will produce optimal charcoal and liquid smoke. The purpose of this research is to find out how many air pipes for the pyrolysis reactor are needed in this combustion process and how long the time and temperature of the pyrolysis process combustion and how much charcoal and liquid smoke are obtained. This research was conducted at the Mechanical Engineering Laboratory of the University of Muhammadiyah Metro, this study used a pyrolysis reactor with a diameter of 40 cm, height 50 cm, air pipe diameter inch with variations in the number of 1,3 and 5. Using 8 kg of corncob biomass. Straight pipe condenser with 12 mm diameter copper material 3 m long, outer pipe diameter 4 inch. The results showed that the highest pyrolysis temperature in air pipe 5 was 485°C with a pyrolysis process time of 120 minutes and the lowest temperature in pipe 1 was 353°C with a pyrolysis process time of 185 minutes. The results of the most liquid smoke in air pipe 5 are 0.5 liters or 6.25% and the least liquid smoke results are in air pipes 1 as much as 0.32 liters or 4.0% For the highest charcoal yields in air pipes 1 weighing 4 kg or 50% and for charcoal yields at least on air pipe 5 of 3.2 kg or 42.5%. The highest pH level in the air pipe 1 is 3.43 and the lowest level in the air pipe is 3.11.

Temperatur pirolisis sangat berpengaruh terhadap hasil arang dan asap cair juga dapat dipengaruhi oleh jumlah udara yang ada dan banyaknya udara dapat diatur dengan jumlah pipa udara. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi jumlah pipa udara 1, 3, 5 di dalam reaktor pembakaran pirolisis terhadap temperatur dan waktu pembakaran serta hasil arang dan asap cair. Metode penelitian yaitu merancang, membuat, serta menguji alat pirolisis dengan variasi pipa udara 1, 3, 5 di dalam reaktor berdiameter 1 inch, bahan baku tongkol jagung seberat 8 kg, menggunakan kondensor tipe lurus dan debit air mengalir  40 ml/detik. Dari hasil penelitian, variasi pipa udara berpengaruh terhadap temperatur dan waktu pembakaran serta hasil arang dan asap cair. Temperatur tertinggi reaktor terjadi pada variasi pipa 5 yaitu 485°C selama 120 menit dan temperatur terendah pada pipa 1 yaitu 353 °C selama 185 menit. Variasi pipa udara juga sangat berpengaruh terhadap hasil arang dan asap cair. Hasil asap cair dengan kuantitas tebanyak pada variasi pipa 5 yaitu 0,5 kg dan hasil asap cair paling sedikit pada variasi pipa 1 sebanyak 0,32 kg. Untuk hasil arang terbanyak pada variasi pipa 1 seberat 4 kg dan untuk hasil arang paling sedikit yaitu pada variasi pipa 5 seberat 3,2 kg.