The theory of correspondence between prescription and syndrome is an important starting point for studying modern TCM. Yin deficiency syndrome of liver and kidney is a common clinical syndrome found in many chronic diseases, and modern researches had found its pathobiological basis involving synthetic and metabolic disorders of the body material, chronic inflammation, and damage and apoptosis of cells, etc. Decoction of Yiguan Jian is an effective prescription for Yin deficiency syndrome of liver and kidney, commonly used in clinical treatment of a variety of chronic diseases. Based on summarizing studies on pathobiological basis of Yin deficiency syndrome of liver and kidney and clinical effects of Decoction of Yiguan Jian, this article has discussed the meaning of correspondence between prescription and syndrome in the treatment of Yin deficiency syndrome of liver and kidney with decoction of Yiguan Jian, demonstrated the practical values and developing prospects, and provided new ideas for the study of correlation of syndrome and treatment.