Pembangunan dan pengembangan kualitas masyarakat petani dalam melaksanakan usahatani merupakan salah satu aspek yang mendukung terciptanya peningkatan produksi dan produktivitas pertanian, sehingga keuntungan dapat ditingkatkan. Pembangunan pertanian khususnya tanaman hortikultura yang telah dilaksanakan, telah memberikan kontribusi yang positif terhadap perkembangan ekonomi. Semakin jelas dan nyata bahwa sistem perekonomian, semakin dipengaruhi oleh sektor pertanian. Sektor ini mempunyai dampak dalam kelangsungan pendapatan petani suatu daerah. Budidaya tanaman sayuran di Indonesia umumnya dilakukan dengan pola tanam monokultur dan polikultur. Monokultur adalah sisitem budi daya pada suatu areal lahan yang ditanami dengan satu jenis tanaman saja. Sedangkan polikultur merupakan sistem budi daya tanaman pada satu areal lahan yang sama dalam satu tahun ditanami dengan beberapa jenis tanaman, baik yang ditanam dalam waktu yang bersamaan atau waktu yang sedikit berbeda. Perkembangan hama dan penyakit cenderung lebih mudah terjadi pada pola tanam monokultur karena sumber makanan bagi hama dan patogen selalu tersedia. Sebaliknya pada pola tanam polikultur yang diikuti dengan pola rotasi tanaman dapat memutus siklus hidup hama dan penyakit. Rotasi tanaman memiliki banyak keunggulan. Pada beberapa sistem budidaya tanaman organik, rotasi tanaman sangat direkomendasikan. Beberapa keunggulan rotasi tanaman adalah mampu mengurangi intensitas serangan hama atau penyakit, meningkatkan kesuburan tanah, serta rotasi tanaman sangat direkomendasikan. Beberapa keunggulan rotasi tanaman adalah mampu mengurangi intensitas serangan hama atau penyakit, meningkatkan kesuburan tanah, serta mampu membentuk ekosistem mikro yang stabil. Selain itu, di dalam dunia agribisnis pada beberapa jenis komoditas terutama jenis sayuran mampu memenuhi permintaan pasar yang diinginkan.

The aim of study is to analyze the factors that affect the production of organic rice farm and non-organic rice farm businesses, comparison of organic rice farm and non-organic rice farm businesses and analyze appropriateness of organic rice farm and non-organic rice farm businesses in researh area. The method of study that used was multiple linear regression analysis, method of cultivation analysis and feasibility analysis. The data used is primary and secondary. The result of study concluded on the independent variabel analysis of organic rice farm and non-organic rice farm businesses, the most dominant in influencing the output on organic rice which are pesticides and fertilizer. Meanwhile, the rice farm is non organic, the most dominant in influencing the output on non organic rice which are seeds and breadth of land. Organic rice farm incomes in Lubuk Bayas village Perbaungan sub district Serdang Bedagai regency is Rp 25.753.659,/ha and the income of non organic farm business is Rp 20.503.554,-/ha. Non organic rice farm business has R/C value higher than organic rice.

The aim of study is to 1) determine the productivity of oil palm in the study area, 2) determine the income of oil palm farming in the study area and 3) determine the relationship of the cost of oil palm production with the income of oil palm farmers in the study area. This research was conducted in Pulo Bayu village, Hutabayu Raja district, Simalungun regency. The population in this study were farmers who worked on oil palm plants in Pulo Bayu village with a field area ranging from 0.5-10 Ha and the age of the plants between 3.5-18 years. The number of samples in this study were 30 oil palm farmers. Data analysis was performed descriptively and using simple linear regression analysis. The result showed that the productivity of oil palm plants in the study area was classified as low. The production of oil palm farming in the study area is 82,342.80 kg/year or 1,744.76 kg/ ha (1.75 tons/ha/month). This is lower than the average CPO productivity of smallholder estates 2.5 tons/ ha/month. Net income of oil palm farmer in the study area is Rp 1,308,973.06/ha/month is classified as low because it is lower than the UMR of Simalungun regency (Rp 2,224,036.00/ month). Farming production costs significantly have a positive linear effect on the income of oil palm farmers in the study area.

Analysis of Marketing of Rawitic Chili (Capsicum frutescens L.) in Barusjahe District, Karo Regency. The method of determining farmer samples was carried out in Simple Random Sampling where the number of chili farmers in the village was 80 kk (head of household), and 20 kk was taken for samples. Data collected in this study consisted of primary data and secondary data. Primary data is obtained through direct interviews with farmers and traders using questionnaires that have been prepared previously. Secondary data was obtained from the Karo District Agricultural Service, Channels of cayenne marketing in Sikab Village were divided into two, namely cayenne which was sold to the market (first channel non Ped. Regency collector with a capacity of 74.8 tons) and cayenne sold to the market (second channel through Ped. Collector District with a capacity of 22.6 tons. The results showed that the marketing of cayenne in Karo District has Components of Cost, Price Spread and Share of Cayenne Margin through Marketing Channels I per One Pick up (1.5 tons) Buy Prices Raw Chili from Farmers Rp. 15,000 / kg @ 1,500 kg = 30,000,000, Consumer purchase price Rp. 30,000 / kg @ 1500kg = 45,000,000, - so the Total Profit Margin is 19,364,435. Component Cost, Price Spread and Share of Cayenne Margin through Marketing Channels II per One Pick up (1.5 tons) Buy Prices for Raw Chili from Farmers Rp. 15,000 / kg @ 1,500 kg = 22,500,000, Consumer Purchase Price Rp. 30,000 @ 1500 kg = 45,000,000 so Total Profit Margin 19,184,740, -. From the results above, we can see that the marketing of cayenne through channel I is more efficient than marketing chili through channel II. This happens because the marketing efficiency value in channel I is smaller than the marketing efficiency value on channel II.