To investigate determinants of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in low-lying areas of China, the authors studied Chuigang and Wanggang communities in Anhui Province. These adjacent farming communities have a population of about 100,000. Data were collected from the two communities in 1961-1977 and from Yingshang County in 1983-1995; information covered the incidence of HFRS, amount of precipitation, differences in the water level of the Huai River, density of Apodemus agrarius, autumn crop production, and areas of inundated farmland. Correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were used to estimate the relation between seasonal rainfall, density of mice, occupational factors, and occurrence of the disease. Associations were observed between the incidence of HFRS and the amount of precipitation, the water level of the Huai River, and the areas of inundated farmland in Chuigang community. The smaller the water-level difference, the less farmland was inundated and the higher the incidence of HFRS. In Wanggang community, the density of A. agrarius (r1=0.63, p=0.02), the water-level difference in the Huai River (r2=-0.81, p=0.007), and crop production (r3=0.96, p=0.005) were correlated with the incidence of HFRS. The regression analyses based on Wanggang community suggested that these indexes could be used as predictive variables, and the results from the model were well calibrated with the actual incidence of HFRS in that community (R2=0.88, p < 0.01) and Yingshang County (R2=0.91, p < 0.01).

A novel photonic frequency downconverter is proposed and demonstrated using a single dual-drive MachZehnder modulator (DMZM). In the proposed scheme, the local oscillator (LO) and radio frequency (RF) signals are sent to the two RF ports of the DMZM, respectively. By biasing the modulator at the minimum transmission point, a downconverted intermediate frequency (IF) signal with the RF and LO components suppressed is obtained. An experiment is carried out to demonstrate the feasibility of the downconverter. Results show that a 30-GHz RF signal with 50-Mbaud 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) is successfully downconverted to the 2.4-GHz IF band. The error vector magnitude (EVM) of the downconverted signal is less than 2.0%.

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With the increasing of pixel density, the wiring becomes denser and the aperture ratio becomes smaller, which leads a loss in transmittance of LCD products. It is a big challenge to develop a high resolution LCD display without much loss in brightness. In this paper, We report a novel method to increase transmittance of the liquid crystal display by thin films optical optimization. We optimized the transmission curve of array substrate by thin film optical model, which is match well with the backlight spectrum and the transmission curve of LC, CF substrate and polarizer. This method was applied in LTPS and oxide LCD product. The transmittance can be improved by 5.5% and 5.06% compared with the original plan, without much influence on electrical characteristics and reliability of the products.

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