In order to study the vascular density and retinal thickness of myopic children, a depth study was carried out on the basis of OCTA microscope. Through the methods of prospective cross-sectional research, statistical analysis, and basic data comparison, the research examination of myopia children under OCTA was successfully analyzed. There were significant differences in the density of superficial capillaries in the whole macular region, inner ring, temporal side of inner ring, and nasal side ( P = 0.033 , 0.024, 0.018, 0.032), and there was no significant difference in other ranges ( P > 0.05 ). Macular fovea, as the most sensitive part of the retina, has pathological changes, which will also lead to serious negative effects on vision. The limitations of cross-sectional studies include the results of a relatively small sample size. After the study of OCTA in the macular region of children with myopia, it is related to the progressive atrophy of the retina and choroid in the macular region. When there are obvious pathological changes in the macular region, the thickness of the macular region becomes significantly thinner. We found that there was a positive correlation between retinal vascular density and retinal thickness in the fovea and above of myopia. The retinal thickness of the whole macular region, the inner ring and its four quadrants, and the outer ring and its four quadrants were positively correlated with SE (standard error) (all P < 0.05 ); Foveal ring retinal thickness was not associated with SE.