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Electrical Resistance Tomography (ERT), due to its diverse advantages has become a promising technique for monitoring and analysing various industrial flows. In this research, an ERT system employing a conducting bubble column was studied because a majority of industrial processes use metal composites for their columns. This paper presents an approach to obtain the optimum size of electrodes in ERT to maximize the capability of an ERT system. A finite element model using COMSOL software was developed to investigate the effect of the electrode size in ERT on sensing field distribution. By adapting the conducting boundary strategies in COMSOL, wider and longer electrodes reduce the potential change near source, suggesting less current density near source. Besides that, wider and longer electrodes also reduce the potential drop and improve the signal strength in Electrical Resistance Tomography. The optimum size of 12 mm x 100 mm electrode is sufficient for the proposed ERT system using conducting bubble column.

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Mechanization and automation are two technologies that have the potential to propel the country’s agro-food sector forward. The application of the technology will provide a consistent supply of high-quality products while lowering production costs, increasing production rates, and reducing labour costs. In accordance to the current demand, this research aims to develop a conceptual design of automatic machine for traditional malay food called as ‘Kuih Ros’. Manually ‘Kuih Ros’ only can produced one at a time with repeated process of dipping, frying, lifting and dispensing by single operator. The inovation of automatic ‘kuih ros’ revoke the manual production which is less laborious with combined attached mould. While the automatic dispensing system affluence the machine’s user and ensuring consistent quality production of ‘Kuih Ros’. This machine is automatic and only requires single operator to control it. The construction of whole design consists of components such as gears, four DC motors, heating element, aluminium food grade machine body, electrical power supply and arduino as controller. This special focus is given to food industries especially the small-medium enterprises (SMEs) as mechanization will help them for larger scale production, hence opening opportunity for bigger market.

Mosquito pest control is a recurring matter that requires constant monitoring and attainment. This is due to the creature being able to spread various deadly diseases and mosquitoes are responsible for the death of one million people every year. The conventional prevention methods of using insecticides and bug zappers are somewhat less effective and affect the environment in various ways such as the extinction of beneficial insects, the biological evolution of mosquitoes, and climate changes. In this study, a solar-powered mosquito trap is created to trap mosquitoes by sucking them in using a fan while being attracted to a built-in LED to lure them into the trap. An air quality monitor is equipped to observe the change of temperature and carbon dioxide (CO2) of the surroundings and as a method to centralize the installation of the trap. The monitor display and air quality data retrieval are processed by an Arduino microcontroller. In the prototype observation, it was shown that the temperature increased proportional to CO2 concentration. The power efficiency of this device increased by 30% when using a solar panel. At optimal sunlight exposure and adequate battery capacity, the device would run for more than 24 hours and would get charged instantly on the next day when sunlight is present.