Based on a recent field survey in Iraqi Kurdistan and a critical evaluation of previously published data, 37 mayfly species are listed as occurring in Iraq. We collected and identified nine species as new for the country and corrected some previously published records. For several species scarcely treated in the literature, we provide information allowing their identification in the larval stage to promote the acquisition of reliable faunistic data from Iraq in the future.

Genus Saga Charpentier, 1825 along with four other genera (Clonia Stål, 1855; Cloniella Kaltenbach, 1971; Emptera Saussure, 1888 and Peringueyella Saussure, 1888) comprises the tettigoniid subfamily Saginae. These genera are distributed throughout three separated biogeographical zones; in the South-Southeast of Africa, genus Emptera in India and genus Saga in Palaearctic region (Kolics et.al., 2012 & Şirin et.al., 2019). The predatory bush crickets of the genus Saga are the largest Palearctic orthopterans, with 16 species, of which ten inhabit Asia (Azerbaijan, Armenia, Caucasus, Turkey, Syria, Palestine, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel, Iran, and Iraq), the rest occur in Europe (one of them ranging to Western Siberia) (Kaltenbach, 1964, 1967, Bader & Massa, 2001, Şirin et.al., 2019 & Cigliano et al. 2020). Six of these species are endemic to Turkey (Saga beiri, S. capadocica, S. hakkarica, S. longicaudata, S. puella and S. rhodiensis) (Şirin et.al., 2019), while the six European taxa are (S. natoliae, S. pedo, S. campbelli, S. gracilis, S. hellenica and S. rammei) (Kolics et.al., 2012). In the East Mediterranean countries S. ledereri occur in Syria and Lebanon, S. ornata in Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine and Syria (Kaltenbach, 1964, 1967 Cigliano et al. 2020). Among the non-European Saga species, S. ephippigera has the broadest geographic range, extending from Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine and Syria to Turkey, Iraq, Iran, Caucasus, Transcaucasus and Karabagh, while S. syriaca is found in Syria, Lebanon, Turkey and Iraq (Kirby,1906, Kaltenbach, 1967, Bader & Massa, 2001, Arsalan & Candan, 2019, Şirin et.al., 2019 & Cigliano et al. 2020).

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This study investigates the butterfly fauna (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea) of Sulaymaniyah Province, in Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Investigations were carried out between April 2016 and April 2021, during which butterfly specimens were collected from 34 different localities throughout Sulaymaniyah Province. The collected butterflies belonged to 103 species within five families: five species of Papilionidae, 19 species of Hesperiidae, 18 species of Pieridae, 25 species of Lycaenidae and 36 species of Nymphalidae. Eight species, Carcharodus stauderi Reverdin, 1913, Thymelicus hyrax Lederer, 1861, Gonepteryx rhamni (Linnaeus, 1758) Pieris krueperi Staudinger, 1860, Colias erate Esper, 1803, Polyommatus thersites (Cantener, 1835), Brenthis mofidii Wyatt, 1968 and Pseudochazara mamurra Herrich-Schäffer, 1852 have been added as new records to the fauna of Iraqi butterflies.