In the field of nonlinear optics, quantum mechanics, condensed matter physics, and wave propagation in rigid and other nonlinear instability phenomena, the nonlinear Schrödinger equation has significant applications. In this study, the soliton solutions of the space-time fractional cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation with Kerr law nonlinearity are investigated using an extended direct algebraic method. The solutions are found in the form of hyperbolic, trigonometric, and rational functions. Among the established solutions, some exhibit wide spectral and typical characteristics, while others are standard. Various types of well-known solitons, including kink-shape, periodic, V-shape, and singular kink-shape solitons, have been extracted here. To gain insight into the internal formation of these phenomena, the obtained solutions have been depicted in two- and three-dimensional graphs with different parameter values. The obtained solitons can be employed to explain many complicated phenomena associated with this model.

PurposePabna is suffering from waterlogging problems from ancient times. The previous Drainage Master Plan was failed due to the lack of reflection of the general people of Pabna Municipality. As a result, this study focuses on identifying the causes of waterlogging in people's eyes. This paper will help the local authority and planners eradicate the waterlogging problem and build a planned and resilient community.Design/methodology/approachBoth primary and secondary data were used for the study. Present drainage pattern, topology climatic elements were collected from the journals, websites and Municipal Ingratiated Development Plan (MIDP), Pabna-2008. The sample size was 246, and this respondent was surveyed. By the survey, the people's perception of waterlogging was collected. For that, five independent variables and one dependent variable were determined. These variables were determined by previous studies, reconnaissance survey of the study area. It used multiple linear regression and the correlation method; the causes of waterlogging were determined.FindingsThe study found solid waste disposal into the drainage, absence of operation and maintenance system, small discharge capacity with blocked in the current drains, nonappearance of combined drainage network of roadside drains and unplanned drainage system as the leading causes of waterlogging from the perception of the people. Also found that the absence of operation and maintenance system, solid waste disposal into the drainage and unplanned drainage system as the influencing causes on small discharge capacity with blocked in the current drains.Originality/valueThis study has focused on people's perceptions rather than secondary data. That is why this study will significantly impact eradicating the waterlogging problem from the Pabna Municipality and will carry out the core problems without any bias. This will lead to a sustainable, planned and resilient community.