Valuable information is retrieved from the integrated investigation of the field relationships, microstructure and mineral compositions of harzburgites from the Neoproterozoic Cerro Mantiqueiras Ophiolite. This important tectonic marker of the geological evolution of southernmost Brazilian Shield was thoroughly serpentinized during progressive metamorphism, because the oldest mineral assemblage is: olivine + orthopyroxene + tremolite + chlorite + chromite. This M 1 was stabilized in mid amphibolite facies -550-600 o C as calculated from mineral equilibria. No microstructural (e.g. ductile deformation of olivine or chromite) or compositional (e.g. mantle spinel) remnant of mantle history was identified. A metamorphic event M 2 occurred in the low amphibolite facies along 100 m-wide shear zones, followed by intense serpentinization (M 3 ) and narrow 1-3 m-wide shear zones (M 4 ) containing asbestos.