This article entitled "The Comparison of Adam Malik, Mochtar Kusumaatmadja and Ali Alatas Policies Against Independent-Active Foreign Policy In Indonesia During The New Order". The writing is motivated by the author interest to determine the policies taken by the New Order government in maintaining a free and active foreign policy taken by Adam Malik, Mochtar Kusumaatmadja, and Ali Alatas. The main issues in this research is how is the Comparison of Adam Malik, Mochtar Kusumaatmadja And Ali Alatas Policies Against Independent-Active Foreign Policy In Indonesia During The New Order? The method used in the study is the historical method consists of four phases, which are; heuristic, criticism, interpretation and historiography. In reviewing the research question, the author uses an interdisciplinary approach by using some of the concepts from political science. Based on the research, authors knew that Adam Malik, Mochtar Kusumaatmadja, and Ali Alatas had different educational backgrounds so when they are assuming his post as Foreign Minister also can be different. The difference can be seen from their focus in taking a foreign policy. Adam Malik, who is still in transition from the Old Order to the New Order, his focus was to solve the problems that occurred in the previous government. Mochtar Kusumaatmadja focuses on Archipelago and international law. Ali Alatas focuses on human rights issues and to make Indonesia as Chairman of NAM. In addition, The Three Minister of Foreign Affairs through his policy also makes Indonesia active in solving regional and international issues, as well as the Non-Aligned Organizations.

No abstract

This article entitled “Widjojonomics to Habibienomics: Different views of Economic thoughts of Widjojo Nitisastro and B.J Habibie towards Indonesian Economy in the New Order.” The main issues raised in this study is how differing ideas of B.J Habibie and Nitisastro Widjojo about Indonesian economy in the New Order era in 1971-1999. The method used in this bachelor thesis research is historical method, which is conducted in following steps: heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography, while the technique used is literature study. Based on the study, several conclusions can be drawn. The government of New Order started its governance with economic crisis. To solve it, therefore stabilization and rehabilitation of national economy is needed. Widjojo Nitisastro and B. J. have different background both in terms of their youth life and education. That is what influences the characters and ways of their thinking. Economic principal of Widjojo Nitisastro, which often called as Widjojonomics, exemplifies that modernization of economic system that covers market, fiscal and foreign debt is expected to give birth to a trickle-down effect, which assumes that if the policy is intended to provide benefits for the rich, the poor would also be impacted through the employment expansion, income distribution and market expansion.  Economic principal of B.J Habibie, which often called as Habibienomics, is a system of economy that should be developed though the seizure of advanced technology to catch up with developed countries. Indonesia should not only be a state that can only produce goods that have comparative advantages. Instead, Indonesia should also have added value and competitive advantage.