Thalassemia syndromes are the most common inherited monogenic diseases that kill and affect millions of people worldwide. As Thalassemic diseases became a healthcare system burden for many countries around the world Thalassemia management emerges as a lifetime treatment program that should regularly be monitored with preferable choice for management. In this review we aim to collect and summarize recent articles, studies, and clinical trials in diagnosing and managing thalassemia, and provide a summarized, yet comperhansive study. PubMed database was used for this review and data was collected from relevant journal articles, randomized controlled trials, and observational studies containing the term used in the mesh "Thalassemia" "Management" "Diagnosis" "Laboratory" "Treatment" within the title or abstract. The major pathophysiological change that occurs in thalassemia is the imbalance of the globin chain production. Thalassemia management emerges as a lifetime treatment program that includes intensive medical and surgical care with ongoing monthly clinical visits.