No abstract

The use of plant defense activators is a novel method of plant diseases management in recent years. Benzothiadiazole (BTH), is the first synthetic plant defense activator. In general, Benzothiadiazole has no direct effect against the pathogens, but it can activate the systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in plants, against a number of plant diseases. In addition, BTH widely is used to protect the plants against a range of pathogens on wheat, tomato, bean, tobacco, lettuce, banana and pears. In overall, Benzothiadiazole can be used as a safe and reliable product for plant protection and also as an alternative for chemical pesticides, which they have hazardous effects on environment.

By studying the structure of the nematode community, healthy and unhealthy soils can be identified in terms of biodiversity and nutrient network. This information is useful for managing soil nutrient networks. The study of the nematode population structure as a biological indicator of soil health is based on the assessment of biodiversity indices, nutrition groups, population dynamics, soil nutrient network profile, biomass and metabolic profile. Practical applications for studying the structure of nematode populations in agricultural and natural ecosystems are described.