COVID-19 caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) originated in Wuhan (Hubei province, China) during late 2019. It has spread across the globe affecting nearly 21 million people with a toll of 0.75 million deaths and restricting the movement of most of the world population during the past 6 months. COVID-19 became the leading health, economic, and humanitarian challenge of the twenty-first century. In addition to the considerable COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, and deaths in humans, several cases of SARS-CoV-2 infections in animal hosts (dog, cat, tiger, lion, and mink) have been reported. Thus, the concern of pet owners is increasing. Moreover, the dynamics of the disease requires further explanation, mainly concerning the transmission of the virus from humans to animals and vice versa. Therefore, this study aimed to gather information about the reported cases of COVID-19 transmission in animals through a literary review of works published in scientific journals and perform genomic and phylogenetic analyses of SARS-CoV-2 isolated from animal hosts. Although many instances of transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 have been reported, caution and further studies are necessary to avoid the occurrence of maltreatment in animals, and to achieve a better understanding of the dynamics of the disease in the environment, humans, and animals. Future research in the animal–human interface can help formulate and implement preventive measures to combat the further transmission of COVID-19.

The study was designed to investigate silymarine as preventive agent in selenite-induced cataract in rabbits. Eighteen rabbits were concluded and divided equally into negative control (I), positive control (II) and test (III) groups, each 6. After clinical and ophthalmoscope, bio-microscope slit lamp equipped with a digital camera and ultrasonographical examinations of rabbits' eyes, selenite sodium was administered subcutaneously on the neck in all rabbits at day 0 of the study. After induction of anesthesia, lateral recumbency and making a pore in globe 0.1ml of saline solution 0.9% in group II and 0.1ml of silymarine were injected into vitreous in group III. Any agent did not administrate in group I. Selenite sodium was injected in days third and sixth in all rabbits subcutaneously. The bio-microscopic slit lamp study showed grade one and two cataract in day 4 and 8, and grade three in day 11 in all rabbits in group I and II. In group III, three rabbits on the eighth day and four until the end of the eleventh day presented grade one cataract. Anterior lens capsule thickness was less in group III in comparison to group I and II, and posterior capsule thickness in group III was significant statistically by ultrasonography on day 20 and the anterior-posterior lens diagonal length in the experimental group comparing to the control groups was longer significantly. Selenite sodium showed cataractogenic character and silymarine as probable protective role on selenite -induced cataract in rabbit model. Keywords: Cataract, Selenite sodium, Silymarine, Rabbit Tavşan Modelinde Silymarinin Selenit ile Oluşturulmuş Katarakt Üzerine Koruyucu Rolü ÖzetBu çalışma tavşanlarda selenit ile oluşturulmuş katarakt üzerine önleyici ajan olarak silymarinin araştırılması için tasarlanmıştır. Her biri altılı gruplardan oluşan 18 tavşan negatif kontrol (I), pozitif kontrol (II) ve test (III) grupları olmak üzere eşit şekilde ayrıldı. Tavşan gözlerinin klinik ve oftalmoskop, dijital kameralı biyo-mikroskop yarık (slit) lamba ve ultrasonografik muayene sonrası sodyum selenit çalışmanın 0. gününde tüm tavşanlara boyuna subkutan olarak uygulandı. Anestezinin başlatılmasından sonra, yan yatırılarak ve küre üzerine gözenek oluşturularak 0.1ml %0.9'luk tuz solusyonu grup II'deki ve 0.1ml silymarin grup III'deki hayvanların vitreouslarına enjekte edildi. Grup I'deki hayvanlara ise herhangi bir madde enjeksiyonu yapılmadı. Selenit sodyum subkutan olarak tüm tavşanlara üçüncü ve altıncı günde enjekte edildi. Biyo-mikroskop yarık (slit) lamba çalışması birinci ve ikinci derece kataraktın 4. ve 8. günlerde ve üçüncü derece kataraktın ise 11.günde grup I ve II'deki tüm tavşanlarda gözlemlendiğini ortaya koydu. Grup III'de, üç tavşanda sekizinci günde ve dördünde ise onbirinci günün sonunda birinci derece katarakt gözlemlendi. Yirminci gündeki ultrasonografiye gore anterior lens kapsül kalınlığı, Grup I ve II 'ye göre grup III daha az ve posterior lens kapsül kalınlığı grup III'de istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulundu. Anterior-posterior lens diagona...

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