A common problem found in the industrial metrology is the reliability of the results obtained from temperature instruments, especially when they are used in operational processes which effect to the production quality. In this case, calibration of thermometer associated with a national standard through a documented unbroken chain of calibrations is of vital importance. This study presents the reliability of a Pt-100 Platinum Resistance Thermometer (PRT) measurement results which can be described according to calibration and statistical methods. The calibrated PRT's resistance values are characterized as around 131.00 Ω by making a comparison with a reference PRT at 80 °C bath temperature and the total uncertainty of the calibration temperature is determined as ±0.08656 °C by metrological traceability together with measurement uncertainty. The total uncertainty value changes depending on uncertainty values of each equipment used in the calibration system.
The aim of the study was to conduct an economic analysis of the possibilities of using photovoltaic (PV) installations in selected farms. Two selected online PV calculators were used for the analysis. The research included 15 farms located in the Małopolskie Province. For a PV installation estimated using Calculator 1, Hewalex, the payback period ranged from 5.5 to 7 years for the 40% subsidy option and from 9 to 11 years without the subsidy, respectively. On the other hand, the payback period estimated with the use of the SmartekDom calculator ranged from 6 to 8 years for the option with 40% subsidy. However, without the subsidy, the period ranged from 7 to even 13 years.
Özet:Bu çalışmada, 137 Cs radyoaktif kaynağının gama ışın enerji spektrumu, sayısal sinyal işleme sistemi ile yüksek çözünürlüklü olarak elde edilmiştir. Kurulan bilgisayar destekli ölçüm sistemiyle, radyasyon kaynaklarından alınan analog sinyal, 14 bit çözünürlükte, 100MS/s gerçek zamanlı sayısal sinyale dönüştürülerek toplanmıştır. 137 Cs radyasyon kaynağının yüksek çözünürlüklü spektroskopisi, yazılan Labview TM tabanlı DSP algoritmalar ile geliştirilmiştir. PCI 5122 sayısallaştırıcı kart iki giriş kanalına sahip olduğu için, kalibrasyonsuz sintilasyon detektörü, doğruluğu bilinen kalibrasyonlu sintilasyon detektörü ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Bu kalibrasyon işlemi, kalibrasyonlu sintilasyon detektörünün doğru değerlerine göre kalibrasyonsuz sintilasyon detektörün gösterge değerleri arasındaki sapmayı bulmaya yardım eder.
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