BackgroundCastleman's disease or angiofollicular lymphoid hyperplasia is a rare benign lymph node hyperplasia usually presenting as an asymptomatic mediastinal mass in children. The disease can present at any extra thoracic site with lymphoid tissue such as retroperitoneal, mesentery, axilla, and pelvis. Hepatic localization castleman disease is very rare in children. Herein, we reported a case of Castleman's disease arising from the lymph node in hilum of liver.Case presentationA 5 -year-old girl with chief complaint of abdominal pain for two months which exaggerated in last three days was referred to the hospital. On routine physical examination, only a generalized abdominal pain was noticed. Routine laboratory investigations and Chest X-Ray were normal. Abdominal Sonography revealed a 3.7 × 3.1 cm solid mass in the hilum of the liver. On the MRI images, a lobulated mass in the portal hepatic associated with mass effect on the portal vein was visible. Histological examination revealed expansion of mantle zone in lymphatic nodules accompanied by burnt out germinal centers. This pattern was matched with the diagnosis of the hyaline-vascular type of Castleman disease. The patient underwent a laparotomy. The patient had an uneventful postoperative course.ConclusionThis pattern was matched with the diagnosis of the hyaline-vascular type of Castleman disease.

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Abstract- Cystic fibrosis (CF), as a fatal genetic condition, is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. In Iran, limited studies exist on this disease. This study aimed to compare the demographic, clinical and paraclinical data of CF patients. This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2014-2015 on 174 CF patients referred to the Tehran Children Medical Center hospital, which is the main referral center for CF. For each patient, the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) was measured, and the comparative demographic, clinical, and laboratory data of patients were recorded. Overall, 59% of studied patients were boys (n=102) and 41% were girls (n=72). The mean patient age (and standard deviations) was 7.1±5.7 years, with a range of 10 days to 28 years. In 67% of cases, the disease was diagnosed before their first birthday. The patients in this study were classified based on the FEV1 into mild (62%), moderate (33%) and severe (5%), indicating the degree of pulmonary complications. Cultures of respiratory secretions were positive for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, in 23% and 16% of cases, respectively. In total, 61% of patients (n=83) were assigned to receive oral azithromycin for prophylaxis. Gastroesophageal reflux (reflux) was the most common gastrointestinal complication (35%). Regarding the complex nature of CF and the necessity of constant monitoring of patients during the life-span, the comparative demographic, clinical and laboratory analysis of patients and registering and standardization of patients’ data can be a major step in the better understanding of the disease, and thereby increasing the quality of life and life expectancy in the affected population.

Background: Flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FFB) is known as an important diagnostic and therapeutic modality in the evaluation of respiratory disorders in pediatric population. Objectives:The study aims to highlight common indications and risk of complications associated with bronchoscopy in our population.Methods: This retrospective evaluation was performed in all patients that underwent flexible bronchoscopy at Children's Medical Center (affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences) between April 2011 and September 2016.Results: Of 800 bronchoscopies, 574 (71.7%) were performed for diagnostic and 226 (28.2%) for therapeutic purposes. Major indications included radiographic abnormalities (30%), a foreign body or suspected foreign body (28.5% of all FFBs) and stridor or wheezing (25% of all FBB). The incidence of major complications associated with FFBs was 0.87%. The most frequent complication was pneumothorax, followed by lung hemorrhage, and respiratory failure. Conclusions:Our findings support early intervention and utilization of bronchoscopy in the pediatric population with variable respiratory complaints.

A prospective study was conducted from 2017 to 2021 at Bouali Hospital in Mazandaran province, Sari, Iran. Out of 58 patients who were enrolled in our study, lophomoniasis was diagnosed in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of nine patients, for the first time, using an in‐house polymerase chain reaction technique. All patients were treated with metronidazole at 7.5 mg/kg/day every 12 h for 14 days. After 6 months of follow‐up, symptoms were fully resolved.