Background During recent years, zolpidem presents a potential but transient treatment option for a large variety of neurologic conditions. Although most cases had disorders of consciousness or movement disorders, there are few reports of beneficial effects of zolpidem on language function. Case We present a case of frontotemporal dementia who developed catatonia during her disease course and her refractory speech problem showed dramatic response to zolpidem. Conclusions In dementia patients, different catatonic symptoms may show differential responses to the therapeutic agents and, if verbal symptoms are dominant, it is worthy to try zolpidem in the early stage.

Objective Although the etiology of restless legs syndrome (RLS) is yet to be discovered, some studies have mentioned the effect of infectious diseases in occurrence of RLS. This study aims to determine the association between common Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and occurrence of RLS. Methods In this descriptive analytical cross-sectional study, patients with RLS who were referred to the Internal Medicine Clinic of Fayazbakhsh Hospital in Tehran from September to December 2016 were evaluated. Patients with underlying diseases that would lead to secondary RLS were excluded from the study. The control group were matched with the patients group regarding their age and gender, but did not have RLS or diseases that would lead to secondary RLS. All participants underwent serologic tests for evaluating serum levels of IgA and IgG antibodies against H. pylori. Data were analyzed using Chi-Square test and Logistic Regression with SPSS Software Version 20. The significance level was ≤0.05. Results Fifty-seven RLS patients and 64 healthy controls were included in the study. In the RLS group, 36 participants (29.8%) had H. pylori infection. This number was 27 participants (22.3%) in the control group. Data analysis using logistic regression showed a significant relation between H. pylori and occurrence of RLS (p value ≤ 0.05). Conclusions Results of the present study indicated that infection with H. pylori is related with the occurrence of RLS. It seems that releasing inflammatory factors, iron deficiency, and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth are some of the involved mechanisms in this pathogenesis.

Background Infectious agents are considered as potential causes of Alzheimer's disease. Recently, evidence of a high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in patients with Alzheimer's disease has been observed. The aim of this study was to investigate memory and executive function in H. pylori positive persons not suffering from Alzheimer's or other marked cognitive disorders. Methods This is a cross-sectional study. A total 140 participants were selected using purposive sampling from the patients within the age group of 18-60 years old at Fayyaz Bakhsh Hospital, Tehran in spring 2016. The participants were divided into two groups of H. pylori positive and negative according to results of the serologic tests to measure the levels of specific antibodies of IgA and IgG against H. pylori using ELISA method. They were subsequently assessed using two tests of Trail Making (TMT) part A and B and Wechsler Memory Scale - Third Edition. Data were analyzed using independent t-test and chi-square. The level of significance was considered P-value ≤ 0.05. Results Out of 140 participants, there were 41 male (29.3%) and 99 female (70.7%) among which 84 patients (60%) suffered from H. pylori infection (seropositive) and 56 patients (40%) were not infected. Comparison of the results using independent t-test showed a significant difference (P = 0.006) between the memory scores of patients (M: 106, SD: 8.12) and healthy ones (M: 112, SD: 1.12). In addition, the executive function showed there is a significant difference in the executive ability of seropositive individuals in the two age groups of 20-50 years old (Part A: M: 1.36, SD: 7.11, and Part B: M: 8.8, SD: 8.25 p = 0.01) and over 50 years old (Part A: M: 55, SD: 8.20, and Part B: M: 106, SD: 7.22, p = 0.009). Conclusion The results of this study showed that the infected patients have a lower cognitive performance in comparison to healthy individuals. In other words, H. pylori infection increases the prevalence of memory and executive dysfunction.

Background: A medical device is any instrument, apparatus, implement, machine, appliance, software, material, which is intended material, to be utilized, either alone or in combination, for medical purpose. These devices should work precisely and the maintenance program of them has also a key role to achieve this goal. Many of the maintenance programs have not considered important functional parameters such as equipment type, risk factors, and expert opinion.

Introduction and Background Detection and prediction of changes are necessary for maintenance of an ecosystem particularly in rapidly-changing and often unplanned regions in developing countries. Aims This study predicts the land use changes in catchment area around Bazangan Lake for the year of 2028 with the aim of investigating the development in Bazangan Lake ecosystem based on the observed degradation from 2002 to 2015. Methodology The classification of studied area was carried out based on five categories of irrigated agriculture, rainfed agriculture, rangeland, water zones and residential areas through TM, ETM and OLI sensors and utilization of independent component analysis (ICA) with an overall accuracy of 92.23% and kappa coefficient of 0.89% for the years of 1999, 2002 and 2015. Afterwards, the land use changes were predicted by a hybrid model of Markov chain and cellular automata. The overall accuracy and kappa coefficient were determined in IDRISI software by the help of ERRMAT Module to verify mode. Conclusion According to error matrix, the overall accuracy of performance was 71 percent and kappa coefficient 0.87 percent which proved Markov chain and cellular automaton (CA-Markov) for predicting the land use classes in upcoming 13 years. According to results, the continued current process of land use changes in this region will change Bazangan Lake area to 12.81 hectares, the irrigated agriculture land area to 495.91 hectares, rainfed agriculture land area to 5764.42 hectares, rangelands to 4592.15 hectares, and residential land area to 94.74 hectares in the next 13 years.