No abstract

Ukraine and Russia are among the leading global agricultural producers, accounting for millions of tons of global foodstuff and the production and exportation of organic fertilizers. With this in mind, the Russia-Ukraine war has caused an immense disruption and great supply shock in organic fertilizer and agricultural production, and food prices across the globe. The authors aimed to analyze the impact of the Russia-Ukraine war on agriculture, in particular organic fertilizers and agricultural production. The research employed a systematic research method to collect data on the extent of the impact of the war on organic fertilizers and food production. The research results indicate that the war has disrupted the supply of organic fertilizers, reducing agricultural products and subsequent rise in the price of agricultural produce. The research indicates that the rising cost of fertilizers directly influences food production and supply. The war has disrupted a viable environment for agricultural and organic production and exportation from these countries, causing the rise in food prices and a threat to food security across the globe. There is a need to ensure that international trade becomes more flexible and open in fertilizers and food production and exports. There is also a need to promote policy dialogues and market scrutiny, and transparency, especially with the uncertain global food market due to the disruptions influenced by the Russia-Ukraine war. The results of the study can be used by scientists, economists and public figures to build further forecasts of the state of agriculture, as well as to build strategies to improve the economy of some countries, including Ukraine

The main goal of this work is to show water quality and impacts on Sitnica River. Based on the previous studies, the main cause of the deterioration of Sitnica River water quality is anthropogenic activities, including wastewater, industrial, and agricultural discharge. This paper presents the assessment of the Sitnica River water quality by applying the Canadian Water Quality Index (WQI) in 16 monitored parameters, such as water temperature, turbidity, electrical conductivity, pH, dissolved oxygen and O 2 saturation, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, etc. The parameters were measured in spring, summer, and fall, at 10 monitoring stations in the Sitnica River flow, from the spring to its confluence with the Ibër River. Based on the results obtained according to WQI, Sitnica's water quality varies from WQI-46 to WQI-95. The average WQI for the whole measurement period has resulted to be 63.5, meaning that the water of Sitnica River belongs to the marginal category. This indicates that the river has poor quality due to the effect of pollutants from various sources. This confirms the urgent need to undertake serious actions in monitoring the river and in managing it properly.

No abstract

The ongoing war between Russia and Ukraine has resulted in widespread damages and loss of lives in highly populated cities, advanced to rural settings as well as sparked massive displacement amongst the population. The two nations are the key exporters of agronomic goods, and they play a huge role in supplying international markets with food products and fertilizers and the ongoing war has led to shortage of supply of these products. The purpose of this study is to present the current aspects related to the use of smart fertilizers as an opportunity to ensure food security and biodiversity. To fulfil this purpose, scientific publications were analysed, and the following groups of methods were employed: dialectical method of scientific cognition, general scientific and special methods. To summarise the scientific and methodological nature, an abstract-logical method of approach to examining the possibilities of using smart fertilizers in agriculture and drawing conclusions was used. Furthermore, the method of logical observation and analysis was used, and based on input data and correlations, conclusions were made that correspond to the object of the study. The generalization method was used to summarise the results of the study. As a result of the study, it was found that the use of smart fertilizers leads to less absorption of resources by agricultural crops, lesser losses in the form of leaching, run-off and denitrification, and a favourable impact on the surrounding natural environment. Moreover, their use is a necessary approach to increase the production of foods, which is necessary to make provision for the population and support economic development. The findings of the current study show that smart fertilizers can serve as a solution for the biodiversity and food security during the Russian invasion in Ukraine.