Background and Aim: Neonates of diabetic mothers are more prone to congenital heart diseases than others. These abnormalities are the leading cause of fetal death in diabetic neonates. Therefore, the determination of a screening method and evaluation of its value seems necessary in such neonates. The present study investigated the various types of congenital heart diseases in neonates of diabetic mothers. Materials and Methods: The present descriptive cross-sectional study evaluated the prevalence of congenital heart malformations on 200 neonates of diabetic mothers who had referred to the teaching hospitals of Qom, Iran. The designed checklists included the maternal age, gestational age, gender of the infant, occupation of the mother, family history, maternal diabetes, Apgar, respiratory distress, cyanosis, and echocardiographic results. Results: Based on the findings, echocardiographic results of 82 neonates of diabetic mothers were abnormal. Moreover, it was concluded that the infant weight abnormality, reception of oral medications, overt diabetes, and the decrease of fasting blood glucose had a significant relationship with heart diseases in infants of diabetic mothers. Moreover, the study found that echocardiographic results were abnormal in 49% of neonates of diabetic mothers. Furthermore, 3%, 1.5%, 69.5%, 41%, 0%, and 3.5% of the participants had VSD, ASD, PFO, PDA, MR, and TR. Conclusion:Based on the results, it was concluded that 9 out of each 10 diabetic neonates have congenital heart anomalies, with PFO being the most common one of them.

Background and Objectives: Given the global prevalence of type 2 diabetes and the importance of self-care and awareness of individuals about diabetes, this study was conducted to investigate the dominant dietary pattern among patients with type 2 diabetes and identify the factors involved in exacerbating the disease. The relationship between food consumption and three levels of education in patients was examined as a relevant criterion to discover the nutritional literacy of patients.Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was performed on type 2 diabetic patients referring to Shahid Beheshti Hospital. Qom, Iran, in 2019. The necessary data were collected using the Food Frequency Questionnaire. The gathered data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 22) using t-test and ANOVA to compare the mean consumption of food groups among patients with type 2 diabetes according to their gender and level of education. Results:The results of the current study showed that there were significant differences in the consumption of foods, such as legumes and cabbage family vegetables, among male and female patients with type 2 diabetes. Regarding this, the consumption of this group of foods was higher than the other food groups. Moreover, the education level of patients with type 2 diabetes showed significant differences with the consumption of such foods as refined grains, whole grains, fruits, cabbage family vegetables, yellow vegetables, other vegetables, fish, eggs, coffee, high-fat dairy products, olives, and soft drinks (P<0.01). Conclusion:The consumption of health-oriented foods was higher in patients with type 2 diabetes having a higher education level. This finding indicated that such individuals were more aware of the benefits of these foods than those with a lower education level. Based on the results, it can be concluded that changing lifestyle, such as losing weight, using healthy eating patterns, performing proper physical activity, plays an effective role in the management of type 2 diabetes.

Background and Objectives: Nasal bone hypoplasia is a rare hereditary disorder, which seems to be related to other anomalies. This disorder may clearly appear in the appearance of a person by increasing age, and in terms of nasal and psychological functions, which its manifestations are different depending on the severity of the disorder.Case Report: The case was a 36-year-old woman who was referred to Beheshti Hospital of Qom city in 2016 with a chief complaint of dissatisfaction of the shape her nose. The patient had no previous surgery internal diseases, and trauma of head and face. She had no respiratory complaints, sleep apnea, nasal congestion, or rhinorrhea, but she complaint of recurrent sinusitis in the past. In the examination, her nose was cartilaginous and nasal bone impalpable on both sides. This article discusses a case of nasal bone hypoplasia, which was repaired by temporalis muscle fascia in the operating room.