The results of this study show that IHC score 0/1+ and 3+ cannot be completely considered as negative and positive breast cancer test, respectively. Therefore, we suggest a valid and complementary test, the same as FISH, to explore HER2 expression.

As the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic spreads rapidly, there is need for a diagnostic test with high accuracy to detect infected individuals especially those without symptoms. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is a common molecular test for diagnosing SARS-CoV-2. If some factors are not taken into consideration when performing this test, it can have a relatively large number of false negative results. In this article, we discuss important considerations that could lead to false negative test reduction. Key words: • SARS-CoV-2 • COVID-19 • Real time polymerase chain reaction • RT-PCR test • Diagnosis • False negatives • Genetics • Emerging disease   Copyright © 2020 Bahreini et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0)which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in this journal, is properly cited.

SummaryIntroduction: One of the most prevalent metabolic disease is diabetes and it can lead to enormous medical as well as socio-economic consequences.The Iranian diabetes population is estimated to be around 1.5 million. Studies show that approximately half of the people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are undiagnosed and thus unaware that they have the disease. This lack of awareness can lead to presentation with complications and its consequences.The aim of this survey was to determine the level of population awareness in Bushehr port, based on the available education programs. Material and methods: The cross-sectional study was assessed upon 719 subjects aged over 18 years old, without diabetes and inhabitant in Bushehr port in 2005. Multistage random simple sampling was used in this study. A questionnaire was prepared with validity checked by researchers in Yazd Diabetes Research Center and reliability alpha-cronbach = 75%.The questionnaire was included 39 questions: demographics indices, fundamentals about diabetes, its presenting signs and symptoms, the early and late complications, means of management as well as looked into the source of the information. The data was analyzed with independent t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, ANOVA and multiple-regression models by SPSS package ver. 10.05. Results: In this study, 719 subjects (417 male and 302 female) that mean age was 40.13 AE 11.48 years (40.8 AE 12.93 for male and 39.19 AE 9.03 for female) were assessed. The male awareness rate was more than of female (P = 0.001). There was indirect relation between subjects' awareness and their age (r = À0.203, P = 0.001). There was direct relation between awareness and the level of education of subjects (P = 0.01, r = 0.07). The mean of awareness scores of subjects was not

No abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most leading cancer deaths throughout the world. MiR-200c has been shown to have a critical role in cancer initiation and progression. In this study, we investigated the miR-200c expression in CRC tissues and its effects on CRC cell lines which were mediated by polycomb complex protein (BMI1). Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry were used to detect miR-200c and BMI1 expression in tumor tissues from 38 patients with CRC and 38 normal colon tissues. HCT-116 and SW-48 cells were transfected by locked nucleic acid (LNA)-anti-miR-200c. Western blot analysis and real-time PCR were applied to determine the BMI1 protein and microRNA (miRNA) levels. The apoptosis was analyzed via annexin/propidium iodide staining, and cell invasion was evaluated by transwell assay. MiR-200c was markedly downregulated in CRC tissues, whereas the protein expression of BMI1 in CRC tissues was upregulated compared with normal colon tissues. In the colon cancer cell lines, transfection of LNA-anti-miR-200c increased BMI1 gene and protein expression as well as the cell invasion. Downregulation of miR-200c by LNA decreased the apoptotic cells. The results from this study revealed that miR-200c may have antitumor effects through inhibition of BMI1 expression.