In this study, precipitation data for 483 synoptic stations, and the U&V component of wind and HGT data for 4 atmospheric levels were respectively obtained from IRIMO and NCEP/NCAR databases (1961-2013). e precipitation threshold of 1 mm and a minimum prevalence of 50% were the criteria based on which the prevalent precipitation of Iran was identified. en, vorticity of days corresponding to prevalent winter precipitation was calculated and, by performing cluster analysis, the representative days of vorticity were specified. e results showed that prevalent winter precipitation vorticity in Iran is related to the vorticity patterns of low pressure of Mediterranean-low pressure of Persian Gulf dual-core, low pressure closed of central Iran-high pressure of East Europe, Ural low pressure-Middle East High pressure, Saudi Arabia low pressure-Europe high pressure, and high-pressure belt of Siberia-low pressure of central Iran. At the same time, the most intense vorticity occurred when the climate of Iran was influenced by a massive belt pattern of Siberian high pressure-low pressure of central Iran. However, at the time of prevalent winter precipitation in Iran, an intense vorticity is drawn with the direction of Northeast and Northwest from the center of Iraq to the south of Iran.

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Considering the presence of 274 dusty days in 2021 in Zabol city, Iran, the present study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using treated sewage effluent (TSE) for dust mitigation with natural methods of increasing land cover. Hence, first of all, the identification of sewage treatment facilities along with the volume and chemical status was carried out and compared to the various national and international legislation. Then, field investigation on land use and land cover, along with literature review on dust origins, sand detachment areas, and sand corridors in the study area will be assisted for optimal area suggestion. Note that, in the present study it was assumed that the application of TSE for wetting the surface to vegetation restoration resulted in wind erosion control in critical foci. The results showed that, so far, a total of 39,000 m 3 /day could be treated, in the whole study area. The TSE volume calculated based on two scenarios consisting, (1) data obtained from the related organization, and (2) based the capacity of the wastewater plant is 2.8 and 5.1 mcm/year, respectively. Additionally, the study of TSE quality and its comparison to various regulation such as FAO, USEPA, INS, and CWQI indicated the applicability of transforming TSE to 14 km away from the WWT planet daily for rehabilitation of Hammon Hirmand through irrigation of T.stricta to increase the vegetation cover to above 30%.Wind erosion is causing desertification and land degradation due to the movement of fine soil particles to water bodies, air, and other lands, increasing the risk to human health 1,2 , changing the soil properties such as structure, moisture content, and organic matter 3 in arid and semiarid regions. It is the dominant problem in about 907,293 km 2 of the deserts of Iran 4 . Various practices have been introduced to prevent or reduce soil erosion by wind consisting of roughening the soil surface, increasing the percentage of non-erodible clods, reducing field length, establishing and maintaining vegetative cover, and using wind barriers 5 . Wetting the surface to temporarily increase the percentage of non-erodible clods and establishing and maintaining vegetative cover are the most natural and effective methods 6,7 .Due to the water resource limitations in arid and semi-arid regions, the feasibility of applying treated sewage effluent (TSE) (also commonly known as reclaimed water, recycled water, or reused water) was previously studied 8 . It generally has been applied for irrigation 9 , groundwater replenishment 10,11 , industrial processes 11 , and environmental restoration 12,13 . However, other applications for rangelands 14 , forests 15 , recreation areas, including parks and golf courses 16 , and disturbed lands 17 , such as mine spoil sites 18,19 were also investigated. The TSE implementation for dust control or surface cleaning of roads, construction sites, and other trafficked areas 20 .According to the reliable authorities, TSE is the most important and practical form of using unconventional sources, d...