Objective: This article deals with the cost-benefit analysis of natural childbirth and caesarean section with decision tree model. Methods: This is a practical study in which 644 cases of natural and cesarean births (including 317 natural births and 327 cesarean births) were extracted and included in the relevant list. Then mothers who had been at least 3 months after giving birth were included in the study. The data was collected using the researcher's checklist and EQ-5D-3L structured questionnaire by the researcher. SPSS 26 and R Core Team (2021) software were used to perform the analysis. Results: Natural childbirth was more prevalent for pregnant women compared to cesarean delivery. which had a lower cost (26980930.90±16603206.35 Rials vs. 48883938.59 ± 6126709.15 Rials) and better utility (86.91± 4.353vs. 64.16±7.348) for all evaluated outcomes. Conclusions: It is necessary to control and manage cesarean section in cases without clinical indication. Also, other low-cost and easy-to-access strategies should be carried out for the awareness of mothers and cultural and legal foundation in the field of promoting natural childbirth.

Background: Sleep loss is one of the most important health problems in the world, and about 30 to 40 percent of ordinary people suffer from it. This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of the combination of resveratrol and naringenin in attenuation of sleep deprivation (SD) complications in rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 72 Wistar male rats were randomly divided into three main groups, including control, sham, and 7-days SD group. Each of its main groups consisted of three subgroups, including without drug, vehicle, and combination therapy groups (naringenin [100 mg/kg], resveratrol [100 mg/kg]). The day after the latest injection, the fear conditioning memory tests, locomotor activity test, hot plate, and forced swimming tests (FST) were carried out on all rats, and then sham and SD groups were induced 48 hours of non-REM SD (device off and on, respectively) and these behavioral tests were repeated for all rats again. Finally, the brains of all rats were removed and histopathologically examined, and stained with nissl and TUNNEL. Results: To assess fear condition memory, the rate of latency to first freezing in the visual and auditory phase increased in sham and SD rats that received vehicle or no drug (P<0.001), which indicates memory corruption. Injection of the combination of naringenin and resveratrol reduced the latency to first freezing (P<0.001), which means improved memory. In the FST test, injection of naringenin and resveratrol reduced the rate of immobility (P<0.001), which means improved depressive behavior. The naringenin and resveratrol reduced the pain perception threshold. Also, the naringenin and resveratrol reduced apoptosis compared to the control and vehicle groups (P<0.001). Conclusions: The combination of naringenin and resveratrol compared to other groups could improve memory and mood as well as reduce apoptosis, depression, and pain perception threshold. [GMJ.2021;10:e2315]

Background: Infertility requires long term care and treatments which would influence different aspects of health, including emotional problems such as anger, depression, mental health and psychological issues, social isolation and withdrawal as well as low self-esteem. The present study was conducted to determine strategies for the diagnosis and management of infertile women's quality of life in the Iranian health system.Materials and methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 59 infertile women. It was a questionnaire-based study and all data analyses were done using SPSS version 22 statistical software.Results: The majority of gynecologists (88.14%) approved all three management strategies that were used for diagnosis and management of infertile women's quality of life. The first and third management strategy obtained the highest (86.44%) and lowest (3.39%) scores, respectively. There was a significant relationship between our management strategies and the scoring of gynecologists (P=0.010). Also, there was a significant relationship (P=0.001) between the order of our management strategies and gynecologists' prioritization.Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, it is expected that health officials and practitioners should be able to identify infertile women and even women at high risk of infertility and provide the necessary training and classes as well as individual and medical consultations.