INTRODUCTION: The use of ionizing radiation in various sciences, especially in medical science, has played an important role in human health. As the use of radiology tests in medical centers, including the operating room ward, is increasing, increasing the level of awareness of the operating room staff can improve their performance in this area as well as reduce the risk of exposure to radiation. The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge and performance of surgical technologists about radiation protection in Zahedan educational hospitals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study is a descriptive-analytical study that was performed on 80 surgical technologists of Zahedan teaching hospitals from January 2019 to December 2019. The Knowledge Questionnaire was used in this study, which was a researcher-made questionnaire. After filling out questionnaires and checklists, the data were analyzed by SPSS software using descriptive statistics and analytical, statistical tests, including independent t -test and Pearson correlation coefficient. RESULTS: The results showed that the mean age of participants was 31 ± 7.03 years . 27% were men, and 53% were women. The mean of work experience was 7 ± 7.56. The mean score of knowledge was 6 ± 3.02 and the performance score was 12 ± 7.38. There was a correlation between age, awareness and performance of the participants ( P < 0.001), and there was a correlation between participants' radiation protection training and awareness and performance ( P = 0.000). There is a direct relationship between staff knowledge and performance. No significant relationship was found between the other variables ( P = 0.029). CONCLUSION: The results of the study showed that there is a relationship between radiation protection training courses so that the personnel who passed these courses are more aware and functioning. Given that action is needed to raise awareness through workshops.