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Objective: To evaluate the computed tomography (CT)-based differences between pancreaticobiliary (PBST) and intestinal (IST) subtypes of periampullary pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC).

A 78-year-old male patient with history of righ hemicolectomy due to adenocarcinoma was admitted by the complaint of epigastric discomfort. Laboratory data showed increase in liver biochemistries (aspartate aminotransferase (AST): 159 IU/L, alanine aminotransferase (ALT): 235 IU/L, alkaline phosphatase (ALP): 350 IU/L, gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT): 911 IU/L, total bilirubin: 1.55 mg/dl and direct bilirubin: 0.82 mg/dl). Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatiography (ERCP) done after the gastrointestinal (GI) upper endoscopy was compatible with tumoral lesion, and biopsy confirmed 'neuroendocrine carcinoma'. Pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (PPPD) had been performed with R0 resection. Pathologic evaluation revealed 1.5 cm tumor of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC). Five months later, biyopsy of suspicious lesions in liver had been documented as 'high grade neuroendocrine carcinoma metastasis'. He was referred to oncology for chemotherapy but unfortunatelly he had expired three months later. Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNECs) of ampulla of Vater may have aggressive clinical course despite radical resections involving lymph node dissections. Small tumor size and lymph node negativity are not reliable factors for this tumor type.

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A 67 year old male with right upper quadrant abdominal pain diagnosed with intraductal papillary neoplasm of bile ducts (IPNB) by endoscopic biopsy. The patient was treated surgically and disease free on first year follow-up. Intraductal papillary neoplasm of bile duct (IPNB) is a rare entity with malignant counterparts and recently classified by The World Health Organization. The aim of this study is to present a case of IPNB and review the literature. Pubmed/MEDLINE was searched and articles were extracted. Twenty four case reports and 17 retrospective case series were evaluated. From 41 studies, 824 cases were included. There was slight male predominancy among patients and almost all cases were from eastern countries. Even though the etiology remains unclear, hepatolithiasis was the most common potential etiological association. Most cases were treated with surgical intervention. More than half of the 577 resected specimens had invasive component. Incidence rate of histopathological subtypes were as fallowed: Intestinal (35%), pancreaticobiliary (32%), gastric (19%) and oncocytic (12%). Intraductal papillary neoplasm of bile duct has an increased malignancy rates at postoperative pathological diagnosis, consequently early surgical management is important.