Ce travail vise l'étude de l'activité antibactérienne et antifongique et de la composition chimique des huiles essentielles de Thymus capitatus et de Thymus bleicherianus du Maroc. Les échantillons de Thymus capitatus ont fourni le rendement le plus élevé : 2,05 % contre 1,75 % pour Thymus bleicherianus. Les analyses chromatographiques (CG et CG/SM) ont montré que l'huile essentielle de Thymus capitatus contient le carvacrol (70,92 %) comme constituant majoritaire et que celle de Thymus bleicherianus est dominée par l'a-terpinène (42,20 %) et le thymol (23,90 %).
Mots clés : huile essentielle -Thymus capitatus -Thymus ciliatus -Thymus bleicherianus -Thymus algeriensis -composition chimique -activité antioxydante.Abstract.-The chemical composition of four Thymus species essential oils (T.
capitatus, T. ciliatus, T. bleicherianus and T. algeriensis) was determined by GCand GC/SM. The essential oil of T. capitatus is dominated by carvacrol (70.92%), that of T. ciliatus by thymol (44.2%), that of T. bleicherianus contains α-terpinene (42.23%) and thymol (23.95%) as major chemical constituents, while that of T. algeriensis is formed mainly by camphor (27.7%) and α-pinene (20.5%). The antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH test. The essential oil of T. capitatus, T. ciliatus and T. bleicherianus show strong antioxidant activity with (IC 50 = 69,04 µg/ml, 74,025 µg/ml and 77,8 µg/ml) respectively, compared to the essence of T. algeriensis and other species of thyme in the literature.
Résumé.-Ce travail porte sur l'étude de l'activité antifongique des huiles essentielles de deux plantes aromatiques et médicinales de la flore marocaine vis-à-vis de quatre champignons lignivores. Les huiles essentielles obtenues par hydrodistillation des parties aériennes de Thymus algeriensis Boiss. & Reut. et Thymus ciliatus (Desf.) Benth. ont été analysées par CG and CG-SM. Les résul-tats montrent que le camphre (27,7%) et l'α-pinène (20,5%) sont les constituants majeurs de l'huile essentielle de T. algeriensis et que celle de T. ciliatus contient principalement le thymol (44,2%), le β-ocimène (25,8%) et l'α-terpinè-ne (12,3%). Les tests de bioactivité vis-à-vis de quatre champignons de pouriture du bois (Gloeophyllum trabeum, Poria placenta, Coniophora puteana et Coriolus versicolor) ont montré que l'essence de T. ciliatus présente une forte activité.
Mots clés : Thymus algeriensis -Thymus ciliatus -huiles essentielles -activité antifongique -champignons de pourriture du bois.Abstract.-This work deals with the antifungal activity of two medicinal and aromatic plants essential oils of the Moroccan flora against four wood-decaying fungi. The essential oils obtained from Thymus algeriensis Boiss. & Reut. and Thymus ciliatus (Desf.) Benth. aerial parts by hydrodistillation were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The result demonstrated that the major components of T. algeriensis essential oil are campher (27.7%) and α-pinene (20.5%), while were the essential oil of T. ciliatus contains mainly thymol (44.2%), β-ocymene (25.8%) and α-terpinene (12.3%). Bioactivity tests against for fungi decaying wood (Gloeophyllum trabeum, Poria placenta, Coniophora puteana and Coriolus versicolor) demonstrate that the oil of T. ciliatus showed a strong antifungal activity against all fungi tested.
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