Thyroid cancer is one of the fastest growing malignancies in recent years, with an increase of 14.51% per year. It has been shown that there is an association between some biomarkers and the progression of thyroid cancer. In this study, we aim to assess the Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) levels and Thyroid function test (TSH, T3, T4) in patients with thyroid cancer. In the current study, (145) participants were divided into 3 groups: G1: (60 malignant thyroid gland patients, G2: (35 benign thyroid gland patients), and G3: (50 healthy control individuals as a control group). The patients attended to AL-Amal oncology Hospital in Baghdad and Imam Sadiq Hospital in Babylon province, Iraq during the period from November 2021 to February 2022. Depending on hematology analyzer the level of NLR and by Mini Vida's the TSH, T3, T4 were estimated in the studied groups. The results showed that the highest number and percentage of malignant thyroid tumors 21 (35%) was among the age group (50-≥ 60) years, while the lowest number and percentage of malignant tumors 10 (16.7%) was among the age groups (20-29) and (30-39) years. The results also demonstrated that the number and percentage of female patients with malignant thyroid tumors was 43 (71.7%) and males 17 (28.3%). A highly significant increase (P<0.01) in the levels of both NLR and TSH was observed in patients with malignant thyroid cancer when compared with their levels in the control group and benign tumor groups. The current study revealed that the age group (50-≥ 60) years and female patients were most affected by thyroid cancer and both NLR and TSH levels were highly increased in thyroid cancer patients. when compared with healthy group.