The biosorbent was obtained from municipal solid waste (MSW) of the Mostaganem city. Before use the MSW was dried in air for three days and washed several times. The sorption of yellow procion reactive dye MX-3R onto biomass from aqueous solution was investigated as function of pH, contact time and temperature. The adsorption capacity of MX-3R was 45.84 mg/g at pH 2–3 and room temperature. MX-3R adsorption decreases with increasing temperature. The Langmuir, Freundlich and Langmuir–Freundlich adsorption models were applied to describe the related isotherms. Langmuir–Freundlich equation has shown the best fitting with the experimental data. The pseudo first-order, pseudo second-order and intra-particle diffusion kinetic models were used to describe the kinetic sorption. The results clearly showed that the adsorption of MX-3R onto biosorbent followed the pseudo second-order model. The enthalpy (ΔH°), entropy (ΔS°) and Gibbs free energy (ΔG°) changes of adsorption were calculated. The results indicated that the adsorption of MX-3R occurs spontaneously as an exothermic process.

The clay used in this study was the bentonite from Mostagnem, Algeria. This material is used in many fields such as drilling, foundry, painting, ceramics, etc. It can also be applied in the treatment of wastewaters from chemical industries by means of adsorption. In this chapter the physicochemical properties of bentonite were determined by using several analyses techniques such as chemical composition, XRD, FTIR and SBET. The bentonite was intercalated by aluminum poly-cations solution and cethytrimethyl ammonium bromide. The acid activation of natural bentonite was performed by treatment with hydrochloric acid at different concentrations. The surface water pollutants removed by the modified bentonites are bemacid yellow E-4G and reactive MX-4R dyes, and fungicide chlorothalinil. The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models were applied to describe the related isotherms. The pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order kinetic models were used to describe the kinetic data. The changes of enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs free energy of adsorption process were also calculated.

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