No abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic disease associated with many factors, such as urinary tract infection (UTI), and the complicated type of UTI bacteria is Proteus mirabilis. Accordingly, 67 RA patients with UTI and 45 healthy controls from Baghdad regions were included in this study. Proteus mirabilis isolates were obtained from the urine of patients with RA and identified in 11.9% by biochemical tests and 16sRNA gene sequencing. ABO blood types, serum TNF-α level, serum rheumatoid factor (RF), C-reactive protein, and anti-bacterial antibody level of RA patients were compared to healthy controls. The study indicated that there is a correlation between blood type O, serum TNF-α level, rheumatoid factor (RF), C-reactive protein, and anti-bacterial antibody level of RA patients. The significant result was the increased serum level of TNF-α of RA patients who were infected with urease-produced bacteria, this might be due to the enzyme structure's role in evoking the disease.

Biofilms measure prevalent in environment and represent a very essential approach enforced by germs to persist in generally severe environments. They will be useful or have a opposing impact significantly once shaped in trade surroundings or on medicinal devices. By way of, analysis into the development and removal of slime layer is vital for several castigations. Several new practices are recently advanced for, or tailored to, biofilm studies that have subsidized to deeper data on biofilm physiology, arrangement and arrangement. during this assessment make a case for the characteristic biofilm additionally the} stage of the formation also make a case for but cell to cell communication .Show example of gram positive and negative microorganism formation biofilm conjointly however biofilm antibiotic tolerance. Antibiotic resistance may be a pertinent topic today, demonstrating one in each of the foremost reasons of infection-connected death and illness at a world level. This development is worrying and represents a neighborhood of importance for every medical follow and basic analysis. One vital mechanism whereby being gain resistance to antibacteria and avoid the method is by creating slime layer. it's projected that ~80% of the being creating chronic infections can kind biofilms. throughout the tactic of biofilm formation bacteria have the flexibleness to talk by every additional done assemblage detecting. Keywords: Immune System, Biofilm, S.Aureus, Natural Immunity, Acquired Immune

Background: The rising population of patients with diabetes type 1 has caused in a fast increase in the amount of patients who have diabetic complications. Objective: Isolation of bacteria from diabetic patients and detection of their antibodies in the serum of patients and rabbits. Materials and Methods: Sixty samples of blood and urine were collected from diabetic patients, a similar proportion of genders were included in 50 samples of blood from healthy as controls. Patients with diabetes diseases diagnosed by a physician collected from specialized center for endocrinology and diabetes and Kindy hospital, in Baghdad. Results: This study showed that Morganella morganii (n=9, 18%) was isolated from urine of patients. With M. morganii antigens (complete cells) as three bacteria antigens agglutinated in titer 1:64 and three in titer 1:128 of serum of patients (antibodies) whereas 1 and fife of M. morganii antigens agglutinated in serum of patients in titer 1:256 and 1:16 Consecutively. Determination of the concentration of cytokinetic proteins IL-17, using an ELISA device. The concentration of some inflammation-initiating cytokines was estimated in the serum of the studied samples, which included using IL-17 ELISA technology. The statistical results by t-test showed were significant differences between this interleukin between the patients and the control sample and under the probability level P<0.05 in the serum of the patients compared to the control sample. The results also showed a decrease in the cytokinetic concentration, as the concentration in the infected serum was 0.011 ± 0.019 (pg/mm), while its concentration in the control sample was 0.007 ± 0.033 (pg/mm) in the infected serum. Recognize the agglutination ability slide agglutination exam (anti Morganella morganii rabbit serum). Conclusion: The ability of killed antigen bacteria isolated from diabetic patients to agglutinate with their serum, and its ability to agglutinate with the serum of rabbits injected with this bacterium. The increased prevalence of agglutination and increased antibodies of patients and rabbit blood suggest this as part of the multifactorial basis for disease penetrance and susceptibility.

From a large number of bacterial samples collected from different hospital in Iraq in central  health laboratory ,only ten isolates were identified primary as Vibrio. A number of  morphology and biochemical test were carried out to complete this identification that showed all bacterial isolates were related to Vibrio cholerae .In this study  all Vibrio isolates were investigated for Bio typing and the result showed that all (10) isolate were related to (Eltor biotypes) .Also, the susceptibility test towards eight antibiotics were carried  out . Results shows that  ciprofloxacin , Norfloxacin, Erythromycin, Ampicillin,  ceftriaxone  and Amikacin were the most effective antibiotics and their resistance percentage were 20%,20%,20, 20,30% and 30% respectively ,While  Chloramphenicol  and Co- trimoxazole were less effective and their resistance percentage were 90% both of them. Three (3,5,6) isolates V. cholerae were selected depending on results of antibiotics sensitivity tests as showed multiple –antibiotics resistance(100%).                                                                                 Then tested to study the effect of coumarin derivatives compounds (1, 2, 3 ) which showed inhibitory effect on V. cholera (3,5,6) isolates and the compound ( 3 ) showed the  highest antibacterial activity of (12,15,14 mm) of inhibition zone diameter against V. cholera (3,5,6) isolates respectively.  Also, these Iraqi isolates (3,5,6) used to test the effect of acridine orange  (0.1%) as acuring agent , the results showed that all (3)  isolates V. cholerae were  sensitive to (ciprofloxacin, ceftrixone and Norfloxacin), While the rest were resistance to remained five antibiotics. The results of Agarose –gel electrophoresis of both  normal V. cholerae (3,5,6) and cured isolates showed the presence of chromosomal and plasmid DNA bands in the normal case ,While only chromosomal DNA bands occur with V. cholerae (isolate 8) treated  with an acridine orange at concentration of (10-2 to 10-4).