Novel study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of ginger (GN) and its nanoparticles (GNNP) on growth, cognition, immunity and prevention of motile Aeromonas septicaemia (MAS) in Cyprinus carpio fingerlings. Fish were divided into five groups fed diet 1 (control; no additives), diet 2 (0.5 g of GN), 3 (1 g of GN), 4 (0.5 g of GNNP) and 5 (1 g of GNNP) per kg feed for 30 days. In the behavioural test, fish were individually placed in a foraging maze to evaluate their cognition capability and feeding behaviour.At the end of feeding period, fish fed GN and GNNP showed significant better final weight than the controls. GN and GNNP significantly increased total protein, globulin and lysozyme, whereas 1 g GNNP group was the highest. One gram of GN, 0.5 g and 1 g GNNP enhanced cognition capability, while GN and GNNP increased percentage of fish fed in the maze. Brain acetylcholinesterase was significantly decreased than control in 1 g GN group. GNNP succeeded in the prevention of MAS more than GN, because no mortalities and 100% relative percentage survival (RPS) were detected in 1 and 0.5 g GNNP and 1 g GN per kg feed, while fish fed 0.5 g GN showed 20% mortalities and 71.4 RPS.

This study was designed to evaluate dietary Moringa oleifera leaves (MOLs) and their aqueous extract in enhancing the growth rate and immunity and decreasing the acute stress response in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings. A total of 180 fish were divided into three groups for feeding on diet1 (d1) with no additives (control), diet2 (d2) containing 10 g of MOLs/kg feed, and diet3 (d3) containing 20 mL of MOL aqueous extract/kg feed for 60 days. At the end of the feeding period, the specific growth rate (SGR) was calculated, and serum was obtained for biochemical analysis. In addition, 6 fish from each group were subjected to confinement stress for 20 min. Thereafter, locomotor activity, opercular movement, and plasma and water cortisol levels were measured. The d2 and d3 groups showed an increase in SGR and levels of total protein, globulin, and lysozyme, in addition to a decrease in the locomotor activity and opercular movement than d1 (control) group. MOLs and their aqueous extract had an improving effect on growth and immunity and mitigated the adverse effects of stressors in C. carpio fingerlings. Moreover, MOL aqueous extract induced a more marked effect on growth performance and stress resistance than that by MOLs.

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