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A flow-through optosensor for anthracyclines based on the anthracycline-europium chelate room temperature phosphorescence energy transfer is proposed. The sensor was developed in conjunction with a flow injection analysis system and is based on the transient immobilization on a non-ionic resin (packed in a flow-through cell) of the anthracycline-europium chelate. The analytical performance characteristics of the proposed sensor for semi-automated analysis and control of very low levels of anthracycline were as follows: the detection limits for daunorubicin, doxorubicin and epirubicin were 9.0, 5.8 and 5.8 ng ml 21 , respectively, with an RSD of 1% for the determination of 0.22 mg ml 21 of each anthracycline (n = 10). Most of the common metal ions in biological samples did not interfere, except Fe III , which caused serious interference and should be masked with 1,10-phenanthroline. The recommended method was successfully tested for determination of anthracyclines in clinical samples (urine and pharmaceutical preparations).