This work was carried out on 86 buffalo calves in two fattening farms .One (Farm1) in old land (village) and the other (Farm 2) in the reclaimed land (new land called El-Mrog land) in Oscor village, El-Saff city, Giza governorate. 34 calves in farm (1), divided to 19 were greater than one year (Average body weight between 230-270 kg) and 15 calves less than one year of age (Average body weight between 168-205 kg). And 52 calves in the second (Farm 2), also divided to 34 calves greater than one year (Average body weight between 191-234 kg) and 18 calves less than one year of age (Average body weight between 61-156 kg).The present work was carried out to compare the growth performance and physiological response under two different conditions.It was resulted that the calves in farm 1 (in the old land) were better for growth rate and physiological responses than farm 2 (reclaimed land). The buffalo calves were successful live in the reclaimed land with harsh conditions. The higher values of boy weight (BW) and average body gain (ADG) were recorded at summer than winter. Economically, prefer fattening buffalo calves over one year. Accordingly, buffalo breeding in the reclaimed land give good production.

The aimed of this study to evaluate the relationship between temperature humidity index (THI) and the changes in physiological responses and hematological aspects of buffaloes and cows under different climatic conditions in Egypt. The data used were collected from six Egyptian Governorates located in three different geographic regions (Lower, Middle and Upper Egypt) during the period from January (2010) to December (2015). Two Governorates from each region were visited to collect the data. In each Governorate, 25 farms randomly selected to represent small, medium and large farms, the measurements were taken from 20 animals divided into (10 buffaloes and 10 cows) in each farm. Each groups was divided into two groups (5calves less than year, 5 calves more than year)The environmental conditions were recording air temperature (AT°C) and relative humidity (RH %) to calculate temperature humidity index (THI). The environmental regions based on THI values were classified into four classes (cold, thermal neutral, mild heat stress and moderate heat stress). During farm monitoring, hair temperature (HT°C), skin temperature (ST°C), rectal temperature (RT°C) and respiration rate (RR r/min) of animals were recorded. In addition, blood samples were collected for determining hemoglobin concentration (Hb g/100 ml) and hematocrit (Ht%).The results indicated that, values of HT, ST, RT and RR were slightly higher in cows than in buffaloes among all studied regions. Higher estimates of HT and ST were observed for buffaloes and cows in Lower Egypt (LE) compared with those in Middle Egypt (ME). Both species showed increased HT and ST with elevated temperature in the different climates. Narrow changes in RT among the different seasons and regions were noticed. Values of RR for both species were the highest at LE followed by ME and UE.It was observed that buffaloes have the potentiality to maintain stability of ST within the different climatic conditions. Despite, sensitivity of buffaloes to cold waves was noticeable, the physiological characteristics of buffaloes showed more suitability to hot conditions than cows.Values of Ht% during winter were less than those recorded in other seasons regardless of age category or species. Meanwhile, with subsequent increase in the ambient temperatures Ht % values descended relatively in both species. Value of Ht were noticeably greater in both species of UE compared with LE. or ME.The study revealed the ability of using RR and Ht in particular as predictive measures for animal acclimation based on THI values in each specific region so that livestock holder has the choice to select the appropriate breed for raising to get efficient productivity according to compatibility with his farm location.

The study was carried out in El-Nobarya Station, Beheira Governorate and El-Nataf El-Kadeem Station, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate. Twenty-two buffalo cows were included in the experiment. Animals were transported\d to El-Nobarya station to establish a buffalo herd in this station.The experiment included two stages, the first stage aimed to study the effect of transportation and the second stage aimed to study the effect of acclimatization in El-Nobarya station. Meteorological data were collected and recorded including air temperature (AT, °C), relative humidity (RH, %) and wind speed (WS, Km/hr.), from which temperature humidity index (THI) was calculated. The following physiological and hematological parameters were recorded: rectal temperature (RT, °C), respiration rate (RR, r/min), hemoglobin (Hb, g/dl), hematocrit value (Ht, %) and differential counts of leukocyte types; Neutrophils (Ne), Lymphocytes (Ly), Eosinophils (Eo), Monocytes (Mo) and Basophils (Ba). Meanwhile productive traits included dam weight at calving (DW, KG), birth weight of calves (BW, Kg), weaning weight of calves (WW, KG), calving interval period (CI, day), lactation period (LP, day), total milk yield (TMY, Kg) and persistency (PE, %).The present work was conducted to compare between physiological and productive performance of buffaloes before and after transportation. The main obtained results are: the decrease in THI and increase in WS were the main meteorological factors affecting physiological performance for animals. The high difference between animal body temperature and house temperature in El-Nobarya had been ameliorated by the effect of low THI and high WS. Transportation influenced significantly physiological (RR and RT) and hematological parameters. It increased significantly RR, RT, Ne and Mo and decreased significantly Ht, Hb, Ly and Eo after sustainability of animals. However, productive traits of the first season after transportation was better than before transportation except TMY due to better managerial and environmental conditions. Buffaloes can acclimatized to transportation stress during the first season as no significant differences were found between physiological and productive traits between the four season after transportation except milk yield and milk curve persistency which require three seasons to come back to pre-transportation levels. It could be concluded that buffaloes under conditions in El-Nobarya were better than those in El-Nataf El-Kadeem due to better environmental conditions (lower THI and higher WS) and management.

The present study was connected in Nile Valley (Beni Suef Governorate). Data was collected from the seven districts within Governorate (from December 2013 to June 2015). The main objects were to study the impact of different patterns of roof house on physiological and productive performance for buffaloes and cows under environmental condition in Nile Valley. Also, to study the relationship between bedding under animal and gases emissions of house to mat modifications to reduced impact of climatic change. Addition to the best system of animal housing under this environmental conditions. Meteorological data including air temperature (AT °C), relative humidity (RH %), during the experimental period to calculate temperature humidity index (THI). The productive performance: recording total milk yield (TMY/kg) and lactation period (LP/ day). Physiological performance: recording respiration rate (RR r/min). Recording emission gas (N 2 O/L) from bedded under animal and (CO 2 /L) was estimated from N 2 O. The semi open System was the lower value of heat dissipation (HD/°C) under environmental in Nile valley. The best roof was mat and maize stoke respectively for two species. Cottonwood good bedded compared with rice straw to reduce emission gas. Dirt land only was good without any bedded from values of RR r/min, heat dissipation from house (HDH/°C) and gas emissions (GE/L) for two species. Values of total milk yield were high for two species under mat and maize stoke roof, and the higher value was for buffalo compared with cow. The data was recorded highly significant effect (P ≤ 0.001) for the interactions between type of roof and type of bedded on all items under this study., and the best system of animal house under the environmental conditions in Nile valley was semi open system , the roof from meat and the dirty land without bedded .

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