Abstract. Kurniawan FY, Putri F, Suyoko A, Masyhuri H, Sulistianingrum MP, Semiarti E. 2020. The diversity of wild orchids in the southern slope of Mount Merapi, Yogyakarta, Indonesia eight years after the 2010 eruption. Biodiversitas 21: 4457-4465. The ecosystem of the slopes of Mount Merapi is mountain tropical forest which is frequently affected by volcanic activities. The dynamics of the volcano affect the diversity and abundance of orchids in the ecosystem. Tritis is an area included in the Turgo Hill of the southern slope of Mount Merapi and is under the management of Mount Merapi National Park. The ecosystem in Tritis area classified as lower mountain forest and it has been affected by Mount Merapi eruption. This study aimed to do an inventory of orchid species in Tritis to know the diversity and abundance of orchids that exist in this area. In particular, we were interested to investigate the diversity after the 2010 eruption. The sampling was done using plot method by establishing four observation plots with size of each plot was 500 m x 20 m. The orchids found were identified using literature and we calculated the density, frequency, relative density, relative frequency and important value index. This study found 24 species of orchids, consisting of 15 species of epiphytic orchids, 6 terrestrial species, 2 holomycotropic species and 1 semiterrestrial species. There were 6 species of orchids with the highest density and 2 species with the highest frequency value. Thrixspermum sp. and Mycaranthes oblitterata were the most dominant species in Tritis based on important value index. Overall, the diversity of orchids in Tritis can be categorized as high, likely because Tritis environment supports the growth of epiphytic orchids, but it is less favorable for the growth of terrestrial, holomycotropic and semiterrestrial orchids. The results of this study can serve as baseline information to monitor the dynamics of orchid diversity and abundance in relation to the highly volcanic activities of Mount Merapi.

Environtmental conditions in which plants grow are always changing which when exceeding the tolerance limit will result in stress. Water and light stress affect the pigment content of photosynthesis such as chlorophyll and carotenoids. <em>Dendrobium crumenatum </em>is one of orchid species that is judged to be resistant to various types of environtmental conditions, so it can grow well in any environtment. This research aims to determine the comparison of chlorophyll and carotenoid levels of <em>D. crumenatum </em>from Bantul lowland population, Special Region of Yogyakarta which is given water and light stress treatment. The methods used are extraction with alcohol solvent (96%) and absorbtion level measurements with spectrophotometry at wavelengths 470, 645, and 663 nm. The highest chlorophyll a level contained in the leaves of <em>D. crumenatum </em>which is given water stress treatment, highest chlorophyll b level in control plant, highest total chlorophyll in the leaves which is given water stress treatment, and highest carotenoid level found in the leaves which is given light stress treatment.

Kunir asem is one of the traditional drinks that still survive in Javanese society. The young generation needs to be introduced to the heritage of traditional herbal medicine, so that its existence is maintained. Some people judge that herbal medicine is an ancient traditional drink and does not keep up with the times. The objectives of this study are: (1) Explain the study of etnobotany which make up turmeric acid; (2) Explain how the principle of the benefits of kunir asem is based on the understanding of the seller of herbs in the Province of Yogyakarta. This study uses a qualitative method. The research data was taken with documentation, interviews, and documentation. The research data were analyzed by qualitative descriptive. The conclusion of this study is that biopharmaca plants in kunir asem are turmeric and tamarind, and some are added spices in the form of brown sugar, lemongrass, cardamom, cloves, kedawung, lime, and cinnamon. Herb sellers reveal that kunir asem can promote haids, facilitate digestion, reduce stomach acid, as an antibiotic, fresh body, and eliminate acne.

Vanda tricolor Lindey var. Suavis is an endemic orchid from Mt.Merapi, Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia. This orchid has beautiful flowers with unique patterns of white and purple spots, fragrant and can live in the slopes of Mt.Merapi which is a very active volcano. UGM in collaboration with the Netherlands carried out ex situ conservation of the V. tricolor Merapi through the self-pollination of orchids by the Queen of the Netherlands, Queen Maxima on March 11, 2020 at the UGM campus, Yogyakarta. In honor, the new generation of crosses is named Vanda tricolor var Suavis ‘Queen Maxima’. This study aims to produce mass quantities of the orchid and characterize the HSP70 gene in it. Methods: Standard in vitro culture for Vanda on MS, NP and VW medium, isolation of plant gDNA, PCR with V. tricolor HSP70primers and sequencing of amplicon DNA. The results showed that > 90 % of V. tricolor ‘Queen Maxima’ seeds germinated well in all media and the best on VW medium. V. tricolor has the HSP70 protein with PTZ00009 super family amino acid motif that 87 % similar to the HSP70 protein from the Phalaenopsis equestris orchid, which is probably the reason V. tricolor become superior to high temperature environments.

Gerbang tol Cikande terletak di desa Julang kecamatan Cikande kabupaten Serang. Gerbang tol Cikande berfungsi sebagai sarana menuju jalan tol Tangerang-Merak. Dengan hadirnya akses menuju jalan tol diharapkan dapat mengurangi tingkat kepadatan di akses jalan Cikande yang didominasi oleh kawasan industri. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kebutuhan gardu tol pada volume kendaraan tertinggi dan jumlah gardu tol terbanyak yang beroprasi dalam satu hari pada gerbang tol Cikande. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian pada gerbang tol Cikande didapatkan hasil jam puncak terdapat pada pukul 17:00-18:00 sebanyak 2037 kendaraan. Dan untuk kapasitas jumlah kendaraan keseluruhan selama 24 jam yang akan beralih pada jalan tol adalah sebanyak 15438 kendaraan. Sedangkan untuk kebutuhan gardu tol paling banyak terjadi pada pukul 10:00-11:00 sebanyak 5 buah gardu tol, dengan rincian 2 buah gardu tol untuk gerbang masuk dan 3 buah gardu tol untuk gerbang keluar. Untuk meningkatkan kapasitas gerbang tol, penggunaan Gardu Tol Otomatis (GTO) dapat menjadi solusi. Dengan waktu pelayanan yang singkat yaitu maksiml 5 detik, sehingga kapasitas yang dihasilkan oleh Gardu Tol Otomatis (GTO) menjadi lebih besar