The aim of the present study was to evaluate the mechanical behaviour of the femur and humerus of Cerdocyon thous through three-point bending and axial compression tests. For this, 13 femurs and 15 humerus were used in the bending test, and 14 femurs and 15 humerus in the compression test; after the assays were completed, bone fragments were collected for evaluation by means of conventional optical and polarized light microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. It was observed that the humerus is more resistant in relation to the femur in both tests, and that bone length and weight, in addition to the width of the diaphysis, are influential on the mechanical behaviour. Microscopic evaluation showed that, on the cranial surface of the fractured bones under flexion, the fracture was caused by the deflection mechanism, while the caudal surface was ruptured by delamination. In bones submitted to axial compression, diaphyseal fractures occurred by deflection, while physeal fractures were caused by several mechanisms. There was no significant correlation between the arrangement of collagen fibres or mineral content on the mechanical properties obtained in both assays. It can be concluded that there are significant differences in the mechanical behaviour of the femur and humerus of C. thous, where the humerus is more resistant than the femur in both flexion and compression loads. Such data allow us to predict the bone mechanical behaviour of C. thous in the face of trauma caused by flexion and compression impacts, such as those resulting from running over.

RESUMO.Com a demanda internacional pelo consumo de carne bovina, surge a necessidade da utilização de técnicas de melhoramento genético que visem um aumento de produção por cabeça. Nesse contexto, a raça Nelore se destaca como uma alternativa eficaz para cruzamentos, sobretudo em criações de regiões tropicais, devido à sua rusticidade, precocidade, alta taxa de ganho de peso. Por possuírem um maior rendimento de carcaça, as raças taurinas são utilizadas como uma das bases para o cruzamento com o Nelore para obter tais características em seus descendentes. Palavras chave: Grupo genético, produção de carne, taurinos, zebuínosCrossings between Nellore and Bos taurus: a potential improvement of carcass dressing ABSTRACT. With the international demand for meat consumption, there is a need to use genetic improvement techniques to increase production per head. In this context, Nellore stands out as an effective alternative for crossbreeding, especially in tropical regions, due to its rusticity, precocity and high rate of weight gain. Because they have a higher carcass dressing, bulls are used as one of the bases for crossing with Nellore to obtain such characteristics in their descending.Keywords: Genetic group, Nellore, meat production, taurus, zebus Cruces entre la raza Nelore y Bos taurus: un potencial para mejorar el rendimiento de la canal Con la demanda internacional por el consumo de carne bovina, surge la necesidad de la utilización de técnicas de mejoramiento genético que apunte a un aumento de producción por cabeza. En ese contexto, la raza Nelore se destaca como una alternativa eficaz para cruces, sobre todo en producciones de regiones tropicales, debido a su rusticidad, precocidad, alta tasa de ganancia de peso. Por poseer un mayor rendimiento de canal, las razas taurinas se utilizan como una de las bases para el cruce con el Nelore y obtener tales características en sus descendientes.Palabras clave: Grupo genético, producción de carne, taurinos, zebuínos IntroduçãoA crescente demanda e a abertura do comércio internacional para a carne brasileira tendem a viabilizar os sistemas de criação intensivos na bovinocultura de corte, já que este oferece uma utilização racional dos fatores de produção (Prado, 2010). Fatores como o potencial genético reduzido dos rebanhos de corte brasileiro, a não adaptação

RESUMO.A cisticercose é considerada como umas das principais parasitoses que acarretam em prejuízos econômicos na cadeia da carne atualmente. Além disso, a doença se configura como importante zoonose em saúde pública, devido à severidade das implicações que causa no hospedeiro. Com isso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi revisar a bibliografia em busca de processos tecnológicos que permitam um melhor aproveitamento de carcaças suínas e bovinas acometidas pela cisticercose. A salga e o tratamento pelo frio são as principais tecnologias empregadas atualmente no Brasil com o intuito de inviabilizar os cisticercos, em razão da sua eficácia e do melhor custo-benefício para a indústria. A utilização de tais tecnologias é de vital importância para que se obtenha um produto com qualidade e segurança alimentar adequadas para venda ao consumidor final.Palavras chave: cisticercos, saúde pública, segurança alimentar, zoonose Technological processes employed in the conditional use of swine and bovine carcasses partially condemned by cysticercosisABSTRACT. Cysticercosis is considered to be one of the main parasitic diseases that cause economic losses in the meat market currently. In addition, the disease is considered an important zoonosis in public health due to the severity of the implications that it causes in the host. Therefore, the objective of this article was to review the literature in search of technological processes that allow a better use of swine and bovine carcasses affected by cysticercosis. The treatment by salting and cold are the main technologies currently used in Brazil to inactivate the parasite, due its effectiveness and the best cost-benefit for the industry. The use of these technologies is essential to obtain a product of satisfactory quality and safety for sale to the final consumer.

Background: Osteosarcomas are malignant neoplasms of bone tissue, with a high prevalence in dogs, especially in large and giant breeds. More commonly, such alterations affect the appendicular skeleton and, to a lesser extent, the axial skeleton. In order to obtain an accurate diagnosis, it is necessary to combine cytological and histopathological findings with clinical parameters, imaging exams and macroscopic findings. In the present study, we report a rare case of combined-type pelvic osteosarcoma with pulmonary metastasis in a dog.Case: A 5-year-old intact large male dog of mixed breed, was submitted to clinical care because of an increase in volume of the left perineal region.  The cytological evaluation, performed without imaging exams, indicated that it was an undifferentiated sarcoma. An incisional biopsy defined the diagnosis as telangiectatic osteosarcoma, and with progressive clinical worsening, the patient died. Necroscopic examination revealed multiple nodules in the lungs and an irregular mass with a hard to friable consistency. The mass was intensely vascularised and extended craniodorsally from the left ischial tuberosity to the base of the renal fossa. Microscopically, the neoplasm was diagnosed as combined osteosarcoma, consisting of the osteoblastic, chondroblastic, and telangiectatic subtypes. Metastases with a predominance of the chondroblastic subtype were observed in the lungs.Discussion: This is the first report of combined-type canine osteosarcoma in the ischium. The case reported here is unusual, as there are few reports of canine osteosarcoma in the pelvic bones, and there is no concrete information regarding its histological appearance. Osteosarcoma is the most common bone neoplasm in dogs, representing up to 80% of the tumours found in such organs. In the present case, the dog was a large young adult with a higher probability of neoplasm development. A cytopathological examination is a diagnostic method with good sensitivity and specificity that can confirm osteosarcomas. However, in this case, the cytological diagnosis, performed without the information from the imaging exam, indicated that it was an undifferentiated sarcoma, given the impossibility of the architectural assessment of the lesion. Biopsy samples sent for histology may not be representative of the entire tumour, leading to misclassification of the histological type. Therefore, the evaluation of fragments from various sites of the lesions is recommended. Regarding the morphology of osteosarcomas, such neoplasms have the osteoblastic, chondroblastic, fibroblastic, telangiectatic, large cell, and poorly differentiated subtypes. With regard to tumours located in the axial skeleton, no studies have assessed the predominance of a particular morphological type, as well as the incidence of combined-type masses in dogs in this particular location. Such neoplasms are locally aggressive and have a high metastatic potential, with the lungs being the main location for implantation of neoplastic cells. There is no proven evidence of the correlation between morphological presentations and the presence of metastases from osteosarcomas in dogs. The histological type is not a predictive factor for the behaviour of the neoplasm. However, the anatomical location is considered as one of the factors with the greatest influence on the prognosis and metastatic potential. Rib masses are associated with a higher rate of metastases compared to others. The definitive diagnosis of osteosarcomas and its correct subclassification are of great importance in the prognosis of affected patients. These require an approach that considers the clinical findings, imaging examinations, and macroscopic and microscopic alterations. Keywords: bone, canine, cytopathology, histopathology, neoplasm.Título: Osteossarcoma pélvico metastático em cão Descritores: canino, citopatologia, histopatologia, neoplasia, osso.

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