<p>Coffee prepared via gravity-drip filtration is an alternative to obtain varied sensorial profiles and determine the acidity, bitterness, and body thereof. In the present study, the retention of certain bioactive components was determined, as was the antioxidant activity and cup profiles for coffee beverages prepared by way of seven different gravity-drip filtration methods. The methods which registered the greatest bioactive metabolite retention were the Vietnamese, Clever, and RS 16 methods. The greatest hydroxycinnamic acid content was obtained with the Clever, Yama, Vietnamese, and V60 methods, in descending order. Antioxidant capacity was proportional to the retention of bioactive components, by way of ABTS and ORAC techniques, in the beverages prepared. The V60 and V60 Kalita methods retained the lowest amounts these compounds and their activity. The most predominant hydroxycinnamic acid in the seven evaluated preparations was chlorogenic acid. In accordance with consumer preferences, which seek functional food, it is recommended that coffee be consumed using the Clever or Vietnamese preparation methods, which present fuller body and enhanced bitter notes. In their absence, the RS 16 method is suggested, which presents a sensorial profile identical to that of the U.G.Q. pattern, with less intensity of bitterness.</p>

The majority of pressure filtration methods for coffee preparation constitute acceptable alternatives for the obtention of coffee with bitter notes and body. In this study, antioxidant metabolite retention, antioxidant activity, and cup profiles were determined for coffee beverages prepared using five methods of pressure filtration. The methods which registered the highest antioxidant retention rates were Espresso, Moka, and Staresso. The highest hydroxycinnamic acid content was obtained with the Staresso, Espresso, and Moka methods, in descending order. Antioxidant capacity was proportional to antioxidant compound retention, with the ORAC method, in the beverages prepared, but not with the ABTS methodology. The Presso method had the lowest antioxidant retention rate. The beverage prepared with the Aeropress method obtained the lowest amount of antioxidant metabolites. In the five preparations evaluated, the most prominent hydroxycinnamic acid was chlorogenic acid. It is recommended that coffee prepared with the Espresso or Moka methods be consumed.

Administrative and operational strategies of the coffee processing industry department of Caldas (Colombia)Estrategias administrativas y operativas de la industria procesadora de café del departamento de caldas (Colombia) Industries, especially coffee industries in countries like Colombia, must focus on management models geared towards customer satisfaction, improved processes and a culture of leadership in organizations. This research focused on the study of how the senior management of companies that process coffee, especially in the Department of Caldas (Colombia), can create, design and implement administrative and operational strategies in order to improve the productivity and quality of the industrial sector. In order to solve this problem, a management guide for quality and operations has been proposed. To develop such a model, the operating performance (OP), productivity (P), quality management (QM), environmental performance (EP), and social management (SM) of the sector were analyzed. This was achieved with a mixed research design involving quantitative and qualitative methodologies. As a result, a model based on quality and operations management, aimed at the coffee processing industry in the Department of Caldas, was obtained. This model improved the positioning of this industry in the domestic and international markets. Furthermore, it was concluded that quality management depends on operating performance and productivity when it comes to increasing the competitiveness of the coffee processing industries in the Department of Caldas (Colombia).

Quality assessment of raw milk in dairy industries from Manizales Avaliação da qualidade do leite cru recebido em indústrias leiteiras de Manizales

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