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Objective: To find the effective method in treating infantile chronic aplastic anemia (ICAA) by using traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Methods: Seventy-eight cases of ICAA were observed, 48 in the treated group were treated with Tiaoxue Yisui recipe, and 30 cases in the control group with SSL regimen. Resuits: The remission rate and total effective rate in the treated group were 52.08% and 81.25% respectively, which were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). After one year's treatment the ratio of hemopoietic and non-hemopoietic cells in the treated group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Tiaoxue Yisui recipe could improve the living quality of ICAA patients. The therapeutical mechanism of the recipe might be related to its promoting the proliferation of hemopoietic stem cells and regulating the immune function.