Indonesia ratified the Minamata Convention in Kumamoto Japan through Law No. 11 of 2017 concerning the Minamata agreement. This ratification is intended to provide protection for the environment from the use of mercury-based materials. Previous studies showed that the use of mercury in Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining (ASGM) had a significant negative impact on health and the environment. The problem is whether the problems that need to be done in the application of the above regulations and maintaining environmental sustainability? The research method was carried out through related discussions and discussions with 25 relevant stakeholders, from miners, and local community, which was selected purposively. The research result was analysed qualitatively. This type of research is a combination of normative juridical and empirical juridical. For normative juridical law materials are used regarding relevant laws and regulations and cases. Data analysis was carried out descriptively. The result of the study indicate that The Minamata Convention has not been implemented as expected. The research recommended the need for policies to formalize ASGM in Gorontalo as a solution to facilitate access to mercury use. The need to educate miners about the dangers of using mercury, need alternative solutions to technology interventions for miners.

The use of plastic products has been part of human life and daily activities. Since plastic can be harmful to the environment, solutions are required to limit, reduce, and minimize the use of this material for sustaining environmental preservation. However, it is difficult to change an entrenched habit of using plastics in society. Establishment of law enforcement policies is among the alternatives to the problem to protect the environment from an increase in the amount of plastic waste. This paper was aimed at exploring issues revolving around the habit of using plastic materials amidst society and investigating the concept of law enforcement as a solution to limit and reduce the use of plastic. The data of this empirical juridical research were examined descriptively. According to the result, law enforcement was essential to ensure the sustainability of environmental preservation.

Plastic waste is the primary concern for many countries worldwide. In Indonesia, the issue remains a problem that requires greater attention. Although several regulations have been implemented to reduce plastic waste, efforts and strategies are essential to maximizing the outcomes of the laws. Plastic waste, if it is not disposed of properly, brings adverse effects on health. By that, the regional government is urged to come up with policies to reduce plastic waste. This paper discussed: First, the issues of plastic and people’s needs for plastic in today’s era. Second, it explored the policies of the regional government in developing a waste management program to combat the problem. The data of this empirical juridical research came from the interview and focus group discussion involving several samples selected purposively.

Biodiversity protection as the ecosystem formation component that supports the process of life is highly needed to take into account. Several previous studies show that biodiversity in Gorontalo is decreased that it will endanger other biodiversities in this region if this urgent issue is not immediately resolved. One of the solutions is through cross science. The objective of this study is to describe biodiversity and Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining (ASGM) along with the needs to optimize the functions of law in protecting biodiversity. This study was conducted by referring to previous studies, so that secondary data were used. It also employed an interview section in order to support the secondary data mentioned previously. Further, the data were analyzed using a qualitative descriptive analysis based on several relevant statutory norms.

This study aims to discuss the legal weak protection of personal data which is motivated by the phenomenon of society today which is like living in a world without borders so that it impacts on easy access to one's personal information, the impact of begins to spread illegal practices by irresponsible parties in the illegal use of personal information. In addition, there are no laws that specifically regulate the protection of personal data/information in the 4.0 Industrial Revolution era. The approach method used is a conceptual and case approach, with the purpose of the research is to analyze the weakness of legal protection for personal data in the 4.0 Industrial Revolution era in Indonesia. The results of the study, the spread of personal data protection arrangements in various laws and regulations indicate the protection of personal data is not yet a national legal priority and results in legal weak protection of the personal data of citizens so as to position Indonesian citizens in a vulnerable position, which is certainly not in line with the legal objectives namely provide legal certainty, justice, and expediency. The various cases that exist and pay attention to the phenomenon of digitalization in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0 illustrate the urgency of the need for the legal protection of personal data a state priority. Legal reform through the legitimacy of protecting personal data as a responsive and progressive legal policy is a must so that legal protection in the form of legal guarantees can be carried out properly in order to create a safe and comfortable digital ecosystem for the community.