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The metabolic comparison of bleomycin (BLM) and bleomycin-glucuronide (BLMG) radiolabeled with (99m)Tc ((99m)Tc-BLM and (99m)Tc-BLMG, respectively) has been investigated in this study. Quality control procedures were carried out using thin-layer radiochromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. To compare the metabolic behavior of BLM and its glucuronide conjugate radiolabeled with (99m)Tc, scintigraphic, and biodistributional techniques were applied using male New Zealand rabbits and Albino Wistar rats. The results obtained have shown that these compounds were successfully radiolabeled with a labeling yield of about 100%. Maximum uptakes of (99m)Tc-BLM and (99m)Tc-BLMG metabolized as N-glucuronide were observed within 2 hours in the liver, the bladder, and the spinal cord for (99m)Tc-BLM and the lung, the liver, the kidney, the large intestine, and the spinal cord for (99m)Tc-BLMG, respectively. Scintigraphy and biodistributional studies performed on the experimental animals have shown that radiopharmaceutical potentials of these compounds are completely different. At the same time, uptake of the (99m)Tc-BLMG was found to be better than that of (99m)Tc-BLM.

The dissolution of colemanite waste in oxalic acid solutions was studied in a batch reactor, and the characterization of colemanite waste was determined by X‐ray diffraction analysis and X‐ray Fluorescence analysis. The dissolution parameters in this study were acid concentration, stirring speed, and reaction temperature, and it was observed that the dissolution rate increased with increasing reaction temperature. The experimental data were examined by using homogeneous and heterogeneous kinetic models, and the dissolution kinetics of the waste was determined to be a pseudo‐first‐order homogeneous reaction control model. The activation energy of colemanite waste in oxalic acid solution was calculated to be 27.80 kJ/mol. Thus, pure boric acid crystals can be produced using of colemanite waste, and this can benefit the environment and the economy. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 33: 1111–1116, 2014

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