White corn can be utilized as a source of non-rice carbohydrate in the manufacture of rice analogues. The rice analogues with rice-like characteristics were produced by an extrusion technique. The aim of this research was to develop rice analogues from white corn and to evaluate their physicochemical and sensory properties. The study was conducted in several stages, i.e. preparation, formulation, and physicochemical and sensory properties evaluation. The physicochemical properties of rice analogues evaluated included proximate nutritional composition, dietary fiber concentration, cooking time, water loss rate, color, and whiteness percentage, while their sensory preferences were evaluated using hedonic scale test. The rice analogues made of Pulut Harapan and Lokal Purbalingga corns (4.34:65.66%) added with 30% sago starch, was found to be the most preferred.

Within this study, phytochemical, fatty acid and proximal composition of six Indonesian brown rice cultivars (Inpari 42, Inpari 43, Situ Bagendit, IPB3 S, Inpari 17, and Inpara 3) were reported. The range of moisture, ash, crude fat, crude protein, and total carbohydrates content of six varieties of brown rice were 11-12%, 1.3-1.4%, 2-3%, 7-11%, and 84-89%, respectively. Fatty acid composition of brown rices was dominated by unsaturated fatty acids. The phenolic contents and IC 50 of all cultivars varied from 47 to 70 mg GAE/100 g and 28-47 mg/mL, respectively. Inpari 17 had the highest phenolic content as well as antioxidant activity, whereas IPB 3 S variety exhibited the lowest in both γ-oryzanol content of brown rices ranged from 37 to 55 mg/100 g. The highest content of γoryzanol was observed in Inpara 3. In conclusion, six varieties of Indonesian brow rice might be considered as the potent sources of bioactive compounds and antioxidant, especially in Inpari 17 variety.Composición fitoquímica, de ácidos grasos y proximal de seis variedades seleccionadas de arroz integral indonesio RESUMEN El presente estudio se propuso informar sobre la composición fitoquímica, de ácidos grasos y proximal de seis cultivares de arroz integral indonesio (Inpari 42, Inpari 43, Situ Bagendit, IPB3S, Inpari 17 e Inpara 3). Se constató que el grado de contenido de humedad, cenizas, grasa bruta, proteína bruta y total de carbohidratos de seis variedades de arroz integral fue de 11-12%, 1.3-1.4%, 2-3%, 7-11% y 84-89%, respectivamente. En la composición de ácidos grasos de los arroces integrales predominan los ácidos grasos insaturados. El contenido fenólico y el IC 50 de todos los cultivares variaron entre 47-70 mg GAE/100g y 28-47 mg/mL, respectivamente. El Inpari 17 presentó el mayor contenido fenólico y la mayor actividad antioxidante, mientras que la variedad IPB 3S exhibió el contenido más bajo de ambos factores. El contenido de γ-orizanol de los arroces integrales varió entre 37-55 mg/100g. El mayor contenido de γ-orizanol se observó en el Inpara 3. Tales resultados permiten concluir que estas seis variedades de arroz integral indonesio podrían considerarse fuentes potentes de compuestos bioactivos y antioxidantes, destacándose en este sentido la variedad Inpari 17.

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Summary Germination of brown rice can be completed by full soaking and partial soaking methods. This study aimed to analyse the influence of germination methods on the bioactive accumulations in germinated brown rice (GBR). Germination was conducted in four treatments: (i) membrane reactor with full (RFS) and (ii) partial soaking method soaking (RAG), (iii) manual soaking for complete germination (MFS) and (iv) partial manual soaking in combination with atmospheric germination (MAG). The results showed that soaking BR in membrane reactor accelerated the shoots' growth and increased GABA (γ‐aminobutyric acid) content compared with the manual soaking method. The RAG treatment achieved higher GABA content (up to 125 mg/100 g), total phenolic and flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity than other germination methods. The main finding of this research indicates that membrane reactor effectively enhances the growth of sprouts. The combination of partial soaking in membrane reactor and atmospheric germination (RAG) is a suited method to increase GABA accumulation in GBR.

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