Hyperpotassemia is known to have critical importance in acute digoxin intoxication. However, few studies have focused on the effects of serum urea, creatinine and potassium levels on the clinical prognosis of chronic digoxin intoxication. Our aim in this study was to investigate the relationship between serum urea, creatinine and potassium levels and mortality in patients with chronic digoxin toxicity. Methods Between January 2010 and May 2015, patients with chronic digoxin toxicity with serum digoxin levels of 2 ng/mL and above were screened retrospectively. Patients were divided into two groups according to their serum digoxin levels; Group 1 consisted of patients with digoxin levels between 2-4.9 ng/mL, Group 2 consisted of patients with digoxin levels of 5 ng/mL and above. The relationship between serum potassium, urea and creatinine levels and mortality was examined. Results Of the 307 patients were included, 10.1% (n = 31) were found to have died. In the analysis of survivors and non-survivors, the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve were found to be 0.64, 0.73, 0.66 and 0.83 for serum digoxin, urea, creatinine and potassium values, respectively. The odds ratios calculated for the determined cutoff values were 2.8 for digoxin≥3.05 ng/mL, 4.8 for potassium≥5 mmol/L, 9.7 for creatinine≥1.75 mg/dL and 9.4 for urea≥100 mg/dL. Conclusion In patients with chronic digoxin toxicity, serum urea and creatinine values predict mortality better than serum potassium and digoxin levels.

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