Background: Hyperuricemia frequently complicates cyclosporine (CsA) therapy. Previous studies have shown that hyperuricemia exacerbates interstitial and vascular lesions in the cyclosporine model. We tested the hypothesis that normalization of uric acid could prevent the development of cyclosporine toxicity. Methods: CsA nephropathy was induced by administering CsA (15 mg/kg/day) for 7 weeks to rats on a low salt diet (CsA group). The effect of preventing hyperuricemia was determined by concomitant treatment with a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, allopurinol (CsAALP), or with a uricosuric, benzbromarone (CsABENZ), in drinking water. Control groups included vehicle-treated rats. Results: CsA-treated rats developed mild hyperuricemia with arteriolar hyalinosis, tubular atrophy, striped interstitial fibrosis, increased cell proliferation and decreased VEGF expression. Treatment with allopurinol or benzbromarone limited renal disease, with reduced interstitial fibrosis, cell proliferation, macrophage infiltration, osteopontin expression and arteriolar hyalinosis, in association with restoration of VEGF expression. Both drugs provided comparable protection. Conclusions: An increase in uric acid exacerbates CsA nephropathy in the rat. Concomitant treatment with allopurinol or benzbromarone reduced the severity of renal disease. The similar protection observed with both drugs suggests that the effect is associated more with lowering uric acid levels than the antioxidant effect of allopurinol.
Aos meus pais, Italo (in memorian) e Maria Lúcia viii ix AGRADECIMENTOS Aos meus pais, Italo Mazali (in memorian) e Maria Lucia, pelo amor incondicional, valores e princípios, constante incentivo e, por me fazerem acreditar que tudo pode melhorar, basta querer! A toda minha família, especialmente aos meus irmãos Ana Lúcia, Ítalo, Carlos Eduardo e a minha mãe, pessoas queridas que somaram uma dimensão e sentido especial a minha vida. Obrigada por estarem sempre presentes e compartilharem as angústias e alegrias. À minha orientadora, Prof a Dr a Ao Prof. Dr. José Butori Lopes de Faria, pela amizade e por toda ajuda durante a realização desta tese. . Marilda Mazzali, por acreditar no meu trabalho e compartilhar comigo seu tema de pesquisa. Ao Prof. Dr. Gentil Alves Filho, pela amizade. Aos amigos do Laboratório de Nefrologia: Patrícia, Fabiana, Sohemys e Silvano, pelo ótimo ambiente de trabalho; por toda ajuda e por tornarem meu trabalho mais leve, interessante e alegre.Ao Laboratório de Anatomia Patológica Experimental, pela grande atenção e ajuda no processamento do material histológico.
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