Experimental equipment for the measurement of matric suction in unsaturated soils using hydraulic tensiometers and the axis translation technique share a common working principle; that is, the measurement of a pressure differential across a high air entry porous ceramic. In this paper, the current state of the art in these two suction measurement techniques is presented and discussed together with the underlying physics thereby giving the reader the necessary basis to use and interpret the results obtained from those two techniques.

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Early ERCP decreases local adverse events, shortening the time to pain relief, to a reduction in axillary temperature, hospital stays, and cost in patients with acute biliary pancreatitis.

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