A esquistossomose é uma doença que, no Brasil, é causada pelo Schistosoma mansoni e transmitida através da água por moluscos do gênero Biomphalaria. Essa espécie ocorre na África, nas Antilhas e na América do Sul. O parasita, ao atingir a fase adulta de seu ciclo biológico no sistema vascular do homem, alcança as veias mesentéricas. Cada fêmea põe cerca de 400 ovos por dia, e estes, a partir da submucosa, chegam à luz intestinal. Há relatos de casos a respeito de ovos de S. mansoni nos pulmões de pacientes sem evidência de fibrose hepática. Relatamos um caso dessa forma atípica de apresentação da doença. O paciente apresentava dor torácica não-ventilatóriodependente, perda ponderal significativa e tosse seca. A TC de tórax mostrou uma tumoração irregular no lobo inferior esquerdo, mas somente a biópsia pulmonar evidenciou ovos de S. mansoni degenerados. O paciente não apresentava sinais clínicos de hipertensão pulmonar ou portal, as quais tampouco foram diagnosticadas através de exames.

Actinomycosis is a rare, chronic, suppurative, granulomatous infection caused by a group of gram-positive anaerobic bacteria belonging to the natural flora of the oral cavity and gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts. It may involve several organs. This case study refers to pulmonary actinomycosis with chest wall involvement and cord compression in a 29-year-old male who presented with fever, cough, hemoptysis, neck pain, and paresis and plegia of the lower limbs of 5-month duration.

In this study, we report a case of pulmonary cryptococcosis in a patient presenting respiratory symptoms and a lung mass on the chest X-ray. The patient had no concomitant diseases, was seronegative for human immunodeficiency virus and was not receiving immunosuppressive therapy of any kind. The diagnosis was confirmed through transbronchial biopsy and bronchoalveolar lavage. The patient was treated as an outpatient with fluconazole (300 mg/day for six months), evolving to clinical improvement and partial regression of the lung mass, as seen on a second chest X-ray. The current case illustrates an unusual presentation of pulmonary cryptococcosis and raises questions regarding the therapeutic approaches proposed in the literature.