Photoautotrophic organisms, particularly cyanobacteria, have great ecological importance due to their photosynthetic capacity, and biosynthetic versatility in diverse and extreme environments. However, photosynthetic ponds, they may be serious and dangerous producers of potentially toxic toxins. Their release and bloom in treated effluent receiving bodies are a major concern because of the negative consequences on aquatic biota and the risks to public health. The aim of this study is to analyze the occurrence, composition, density and spatio-temporal distribution of cyanobacteria in sewage treatment plants by photosynthetic ponds in ten cities located in the central region of the São Paulo State, Brazil. The results recorded high densities of Microcystis sp. with a maximum average of 9.4x105 cells per millilitre (cells/mL); Synechococcus sp., with an average of 7.8x105; Synechocystis aquatilis with 7.2x105; Merismopedia tenuissima with 4.8x105; and Phormidium sp. with 1.9x105. Among these species found, the highest occurrence was M. tenuissima. The high densities show that these ponds are an aquatic environment conducive to the development of cyanobacteria and, potentially, an important source of cyanotoxin production. Therefore, studies and monitoring of the effects on the receiving water bodies are recommended by determining their cyanobacteria densities and investigating the possible presence of cyanotoxins.
Os objetivos do presente trabalho foram verificar as respostas das comunidades de macroinvertebrados aquáticos em relação à qualidade físico-química da água no rio Jacaré Guaçu-SP e promover informações que contribuam com a importância da utilização de macroinvertabrados como bioindicadores. Os parâmetros físico-químicos da água foram determinados utilizando-se de sonda analítica multiparâmetros e as amostras de macroinvertebrados foram obtidas a partir do uso do método de arraste no sedimento. Foram realizadas várias determinações de índices e métricas bióticas e de diversidade. Os resultados corroboram o importante papel dos macroinvertebrados aquáticos como bioindicadores da qualidade de corpos d’água e os vários índices bióticos e de diversidade utilizados demonstraram ser ferramentas importantes para a compreensão da estrutura das comunidades de macroinvertebrados e a qualidade da água.
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