RESUMO -O uso de testes de vigor é essencial em programas de controle de qualidade de sementes, e o teste de deterioração controlada é um dos que pode ser utilizado para esse fim, principalmente, em se tratando de sementes de hortaliças. Diante disso, a pesquisa teve como objetivo estudar a metodologia do teste de deterioração controlada, procurando verificar sua eficiência para identificação de diferentes níveis de vigor entre lotes de sementes de coentro (Coriandrum sativum L.). Para isso, quatro cultivares (Português, Super Verdão, Tabocas e Verdão), cada uma delas representada por três lotes de sementes, foram submetidas as seguintes avaliações: germinação, primeira contagem de germinação, emergência de plântulas, índice de velocidade de emergência, altura de plântula, massa da matéria seca da plântula e deterioração controlada (sementes com 18; 21 e 24% de grau de umidade, 45 ºC, durante 24 e 48 horas). O teste de deterioração controlada pode ser utilizado para avaliar o potencial fisiológico de sementes de coentro, sendo a combinação 21% de água, a 45 ºC, durante 24 horas a mais indicada.Termos para indexação: Coriandrum sativum, potencial fisiológico, vigor, germinação. Controlled deterioration in coriander seedsABSTRACT -Vigor tests are essential in seed quality control programs and the controlled deterioration test may be used for this purpose, especially for vegetable seeds. The objective of this study was to evaluate the methodology of the controlled deterioration test and to verify its effectiveness in identifying different vigor levels of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) seed lots. Four cultivars ("Português", "Super Verdão", "Tabocas" and "Verdão"), each represented by three seed lots, were tested for germination, first germination, seedling emergence, speed of emergence, seedling height, dry weight of seedlings and controlled deterioration (seeds with moisture contents of 18, 21 and 24% to 45 ºC for 24 and 48 hours). The controlled deterioration test may be used to evaluate the physiological potential of coriander seeds, and the combination of 21% water at 45 °C for 24 hours is the most recommended treatment.

This study evaluated the physical and physiological attributes of saved cowpea seeds (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) used in the Brazilian semi-arid area and compared them with certified seed varieties. The study tested 37 saved seed samples from the state of Rio Grande do Norte and two varieties of certified seeds (“BRS Guariba” and “BRS Pujante”) from the production field of Embrapa Products and Market, Petrolina, PE, Brazil. The seeds were tested for moisture, hectoliter weight, weight of 1,000 seeds, and physical purity to evaluate the physical quality. Germination, first germination count, field emergence, emergence rate index, shoot dry mass, and accelerated aging were tested for physiological quality. The saved cowpea seeds showed great differences, suggesting the influence of genetic variability and different growing environments. The use of saved cowpea seeds by small farmers in the semi-arid areas of Northeastern Brazil is impractical, because these seeds have inferior physical and physiological qualities compared to certified cowpea seeds.

Vigna unguiculata Callosobruchus maculatus Fungo Bactéria Praga KEYWORDS Vigna unguiculata Callosobruchus maculatus Fungus Bacteria Pest RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a qualidade sanitária de sementes salvas de feijão-caupi (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) coletadas no estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Para isso, 37 amostras de sementes salvas de feijão-caupi foram coletadas de diferentes municípios e comparadas com sementes básicas, variedades Guariba e Pujante, oriundas do campo de produção de sementes básicas da Embrapa Produtos e Mercado, Petrolina, PE. As sementes sem desinfestação foram plaqueadas em meio batata-dextrose-ágar e incubadas sob luz branca a 25 ± 2 ºC, durante sete dias para posterior avaliação da incidência e frequência (%) de fungos. A análise das sementes infestadas com pragas foi realizada através do corte longitudinal na semente observando a presença de orifício no tegumento, insetos, ovos e pupas. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, cujas médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Scott-Knott. Todas as amostras apresentaram incidência de microrganismos. Observou-se a frequência dos gêneros: Alternaria sp. (10%), Aspergillus sp. (60%), Bipolaris sp. (8%), Colletotrichum sp. (5%), Fusarium sp. (53%), Macrophomina sp. (60%), Penicillium sp. (13%), Pleurophagminum sp. (5%), Rhizopus sp. (73%), Rhizoctonia sp. (70%), Rhizobium sp. (100%) e Pantoea sp. (3%). O Callosobruchus maculatus Fabr. foi encontrado em 94% das amostras de sementes de feijão-caupi. As sementes salvas de feijão-caupi são inadequadas para semeadura e/ou comercialização, pois se constituem em agentes potencialmente disseminadores de pragas e patógenos.

. An evaluation of antagonism was determined from the score allotted to the percentage of growth of isolates of Trichoderma spp. in relation to the phyto-pathogenic fungi, as well as the percentage inhibition in pathogen growth in relation to the Compost Aid ® product. The survival of resistance structures in the pathogenic fungi was evaluated 40 days after application of the treatments by plating onto a semiselective culture medium and BDA. For the experiment in vitro, all the treatments with Trichoderma produced a percentage inhibition greater than 50% for both phyto-pathogenic fungi. The commercial products Tricobiol ® and Triconemate ® gave the greatest percentage inhibition for the fungus S. rolfsii (62.5%). The Compost Aid ® product gave 100% and 98.57% inhibition in the growth of the fungi M. phaseolin and S. rolfsii respectively. The treatments in the form of a mixture of Trichoderma and Tricobiol ® had a median value of 100%, while Triconemate ® resulted in a 96% inhibition in the growth of the microsclerotia of M. phaseolina recovered from the soil; however none of these treatments inhibited sclerotial germination in S. rolfsii. The product Compost Aid ® resulted in a median of 100% and 0% growth in resistance structures for the M. phaseolina and S. rolfsii fungi respectively.

Macrophomina pseudophaseolina is a new Macrophomina species reported on different crop and weed species in Brazil, India and Senegal, but to date there are no studies about its adaptability components. In this work a collection of 62 M. pseudophaseolina isolates obtained from roots of the weed species Trianthema portulacastrum and Boerhavia diffusa collected in Northeastern Brazil, was used to: i) study the effect of temperature and salinity on mycelial growth, ii) to determine their sensitivity to the fungicide carbendazim, and iii) to assess their aggressiveness on melon and watermelon seedlings. Results showed variability among M. pseudophaseolina isolates. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth ranged between 26.4 and 38.1ºC.NaCl reduced the in vitro growth of all isolates, which were also highly sensitive to the fungicide carbendazim, exhibiting EC50 values ranging from 0.013 to 0.089 mg L -1 a.i.Disease severity values on melon and watermelon seedlings showed that M. pseudophaseolina isolates were more aggressive in melon than in watermelon.Information about adaptability components of M. pseudophaseolina obtained in this study could be incorporated on breeding programs for melon and watermelon crops.