No abstract

Trichomonas vaginalis is a causative agent of trichomoniasis , one of the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease (STD) over all the world, especially in immunocompromised women such as pregnant. Wet smear and Giemsa stain are the current methods used in hospital to diagnosis trichomoniasis. DNA based diagnosis is still to be validated to diagnose the local isolates, the objective of the present study was to compare the conventional methods of disease diagnosis with the DNA-based method to diagnose Trichomonas incidence in local isolates. In the present study, 105 samples were collected from outpatient women (18-45 years) of Maternity hospital in Mosul who showed a classical presentation of Trichomonas infection including foul-smelling vaginal discharge with a pH exceeding 4.5. Samples underwent microscopic examination and nucleic acid detection of AP65-1 gene, the wet smear test showed that 16.18%  of the collected specimen were positive while the parasite appeared only in 8.9% of the samples stained with Giemsa dye, the molecular screening for AP65-1gene that encodes for the surface attachment protein showed high sensitivity level of 100 at 50 specificity level in compare with other routine methods, the algorithm was evaluated according to specificity, sensitivity, and predictive values. Random Amplification Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was achieved to estimate genetic indices among isolated strains. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using PAST (Paleontological statistics software) and dendrogram with neighboring clusters was constructed. According to the outcomes of research, we recommended to utilize a probiotic vaccines and molecular silencing vaccine (like miRNA sense and antisense oligonucleotides) as a treatment in.

Plants extracts are the one of the most important sources that have been used in both ancient and recent to many facture variants, types of medical drugs  and that was the aim of the current study to find safe, effective and available natural alternatives by measuring the therapeutic effect of the alcoholic extract of tannins before and after the acid hydrolysis of the extract, in laboratory mice experimentally infected with C. parvum  and using three therapeutic concentrations (2, 1.3, 1) mg / ml, and the alcoholic extract before the acid hydrolysis  proved  its therapeutic efficacy with a noticeable decrease in the number of Oocyst  excreted with the feces, as the Oocyst were no longer excreted from the ninth day of the treatment. Parasite Oocyst on the fifth day of treatment were treated by oral administration of the extract in infected mice, in the other hand the current study recorded that Cryptosporidiais as a common disease in the study area, with infection rate of 26%.

The current study was conducted during the period between from the beginning of October 2021 until the end of March 2022. The aim of the study was to measure the therapeutic efficacy of alcoholic and aqueous extracts from the local tannins Cupressus sempervirens for the treatment of experimental infected laboratory mice with Cryptosporidiosis. Through a significant decrease in the number of Oocyst of the parasite that causes infection Cryptosporidium parvum after oral administration of the aqueous and alcoholic extracts with three concentrations (2, 1.3, 1) mg/ml compared to MTZ drug, as the alcoholic extract proved its efficacy by stopping the shedding of parasite Oocyst at the ninth day of treatment with its total absence on the eleventh day of treatment, while the shedding of parasite Oocysts in the group treated with aqueous extract stopped on the eleventh day and completely absent on the thirteenth day of infection.

A hospital based, cross sectional study this was carried out at the period between the beginning of June 2020 to the end of September 2021. A total of 600 child Suffering from chronic diarrhea were examined. The co-existence of mixed infection of Cryptosporidium Parvum with others intestinal parasitic protozoan parasites as an etiology of chronic diarrhea was the aim of this study, Cryptosporidium Parvum, Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lambilia was found to be the more common parasites as a cause of chronic diarrhea among children under five years, stool samples were collected form children who lived in some places of Mosul city which is divided into two sides as a result of the passage of the Tigris River from the center, a total of 400 (66.6%) positive cases were recorded, the highest infectious rate was found at the Right side of Mosul city 230 (38.3%) cases while the rest 170 (28.3%) cases was recorded in Left side. Direct slide preparation method with a Modified Zeihl Neelsen, cultivation of Protozoal parasites  by using special media and ELISA method for stool samples were used to perform the diagnosis of infection of Cryptosporidium Parvum, Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lambilia that was to be found in 130 (21.6%),150(25%),120(20%), respectively, The co-existence of mixed infection of Cryptosporidium Parvum with Entamoeba histolytica was recorded in 30 (5%)cases while with Giardia lambilia was found in 24(4%)cases these study also recorded the presence of mixed infection between Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lambilia in 12(2%) cases.