Lighting is crucial in poultry rearing and the subjects with light intensity, source, and color having been addressed in numerous studies. Numerous studies with monochromatic light from light-emitting diode (LED) bulbs have been reported. In the current study, fertile Japanese quail eggs were exposed to a dark environment (Control) or monochromatic green (560 nm) and blue (480 nm) lighting throughout incubation. There were no significant differences in hatch weight, hatchability, total embryonic mortality, hatch time, growth performance, and slaughter-carcass traits in the study (P > 0.05). Furthermore, the lowest mean in terms of early embryonic mortalities (12.37%) was determined in the group treated with green LED lighting (P < 0.05), whereas it was discovered that the lowest mean in terms of late embryonic mortalities (13.59%) was in the group treated with blue LED lighting (P < 0.05). During the test time, the green LED group showed higher averages in terms of the number of peeps and first defecation time as response to environmental stimuli (P < 0.05). The highest mean for jumping (7.6 times) was detected in the group treated with blue LED lighting (P < 0.05). In conclusion, it was revealed that the blue and green LED lighting applied to the Japanese quail eggs in incubation had no effects on incubation traits, growth, and slaughter-carcass traits but had positive effects on some behavioral traits.

This study was carried out to determine the effects of in ovo pollen extract injection on growth parameters, ileal histomorphology, and caecal microflora of fasted broiler chicks. In this experiment, 2×2 factorial experimental design was used. One d old, 120 healthy broiler chicks were allocated to 4 treatment groups and 6 replicates (5 mixed sex chicks allocated each replicates). Treatment groups were: A) Pollen extract injection and 24 h fasting (P24); B) Pollen extract injection and 48 h fasting (P48), C) Control, no injection 24 h fasting (C24) and D) Control, no injection 48 h fasting (C48). The experiment lasted 21 days. Live weight, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio were recorded weekly. Ileal histomorphology, caecal microbiota, organ weight were recorded at 21th days of experiment. In ovo pollen extract injection did not affect hatchability rate. At the end of 21 days, in ovo pollen extract injection did not affect feed intake, live weight gain, feed conversion ratio, inner organ development and ileal villi width irrespective to fasting 24 h and 48 h. In ovo pollen extract injection increased ileal villi length, caecal lactic acid bacteria and Saccharomyces Cerevisiae count, decreased caecal Enterobactericaea count. In conclusion, in ovo pollen extract injection can be applied for broiler eggs to improve weight gain, better digestion and gut health.

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The aim of this study is to reveal the possibility of pasta, pudding, wafer meal, ice cream-bran mixture, vegetable and yoghurt soups after determining their crude nutrient components and in vitro metabolic energy values. Samples were for 96 hour incubation under in vitro conditions according to Hohenheim Futterwerter Test (HFT). The amount of total gas production (GP) was recorded at the 3 rd , 6 th , 9 th , 12 th , 24 th , 48 th , 72 th and 96 th hours. Digestible organic matter (DOM), metabolic energy (ME) and net energy lactation (NEL) ingredients were predicted according to GP at the 24 th hour. The GP differences among the samples were found statistically significant (P<0.05). When net GP amounts of the 24-hour-period were evaluated, the highest GP value was found out as 53.69 ml/ 200 mg DM in pasta, whereas the lowest value was found out as 25.76 ml/ 200 mg DM in ice-cream bran mixture. When DOM, ME, and NEL ingredients were calculated using GP amounts determined at the 24 th hour, the highest value of DOM was found out (90.99%) in pasta, the highest value of ME was found out in pasta (12.31 MJ/kg DM), and the highest value of NEL was found out in wafer meal (8.73 MJ/kg DM). It has been concluded that pasta, pudding, vegetable and yoghurt soups, wafer meal and ice cream-bran mixture can be used as alternatives to ruminant rations, feedstuff sources rich in energy.