In this study, a liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was applied for the simultaneous detection and quantification of a broad spectrum of mycotoxins and fungal metabolites in domestic rice in Iran. A total of 20 fungal metabolites were detected in 65 rice samples. The result showed that all of the samples were contaminated to at least one mycotoxin. The most prevalent fungal metabolites were brevianamide F (81.5%), emodin (46.1%) and tryptophol (43.1%). The occurrence of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), ochratoxin A (OTA), zearalenone (ZEN) and fumonisin B1 (FB1) was 21.5%, 4.6%, 29.2% and 9.2%, respectively. No detectable level of deoxynivelenol was found in any of the samples. The mean level of regulated mycotoxins was lower than the maximum limit. Co-occurrence of AF1-ZEN, ZEN-OTA and FB1-ZEN were observed in 4.6%, 3.1% and 4.6% of samples, respectively. This is the first report indicating the contamination of domestic rice in Iran with mycotoxins such as alternaria metabolites, citrinin, tryptophol and kojic acid.

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being an alternative method in food control laboratories for investigation of nitrite and nitrate content. This is the first study of the determination and survey of nitrite and nitrate and exposure assessment of the Iranian population to nitrite and nitrate level in milk, which was widely used in infants and adolescents as one of the basic food components.

In the present study, the finding of both high rates and high levels of AFB in cereal baby foods indicates the need to reduce AFB contamination in these products. Therefore, further monitoring and control of pre- and post-harvest, storage, and manufacturing processes is required. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.