The imbalance between demand and yield production causes the price of chili to rise sharply in the market at a particular time. One of the factors driving chili productivity to decrease is the attack of Geminivirus. Geminivirus that attacks chili plant is Pepper Yellow Leaf Curl Virus [PepYLCV]. and causing failure in chili production. Therefore, it is necessary to develop chili varieties that are resistant to PepYLCD by applying a combination strategy of genetic engineering and a tissue culture approach. However, the morphogenetic ability of chilies to regenerate into complete plants is low in developing this strategy. Optimizing growth regulators in the media of callus induction can increase the morphogenetic response of chilies. This research aimed to obtain the optimal composition of callus induction media. The results showed that the use of the media composition of 2.5 mg/L NAA + 2.5 mg/L IAA and 3.5 mg/L 2.4 D + 0.25 mg/L TDZ could initiate callus formation on the eighth day after induction. Both media compositions have a callus growth percentage of about 100%, which has a friable and yellowish-white callus morphology.

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Bunga matahari termasuk salah satu jenis komoditi pertanian yang mempunyai potensi besar untuk dikembangkan. Hal ini bukan tanpa alasan karena setiap bagian dari bunga matahari dapat digunakan untuk makanan, pakan ternak, bahan baku industri, kecantikan dan obat-obatan. Saat ini pengembangan bunga matahari telah bergeser ke penggunaan lahan marginal seperti lahan pesisir namun memiliki banyak permasalahan. Untuk itu perlu dilakukan berbagai inovasi dan penerapan teknologi. Salah satunya adalah penggunaan mikoriza dan kompos maggot. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui respon pertumbuhan bunga matahari di lahan pesisir pantai pada aplikasi beberapa dosis mikoriza dan kompos maggot. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan rancangan acak kelompok secara faktorial dengan 4 taraf pada masing-masing perlakuan dan diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi dosis mikoriza dan dosis kompos maggot yang diberikan akan berbanding lurus terhadap pertumbuhan bunga matahari pada lahan pesisir pantai.

One of the main products of sunflower is the seed which is a producer of vegetable oil that is needed in the pharmaceutical industry and the health sector. The price of sunflower seed oil is currently very high for the market but sunflower production in Indonesia is quite low. This potential can be used as the basis for the development of sunflower cultivation in Indonesia. One of the efforts to increase the content of sunflower seed oil is to improve proper cultivation techniques and modifications in cultivation techniques. One of the cultural techniques in increasing production is to get the right dose of nitrogen (N) fertilization. The addition of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi (AMF) is expected to increase the absorption of N nutrients in the soil, thereby increasing the growth and yield of sunflowers. This study aimed 1) effectivity of AMF and nitrogen fertilizer application with various doses on growth and yield of sunflower, 2) to obtain the right dose of N fertilizer on growth and yield of sunflower The study used a Split-plot Design with 3 replications. The first factor as the main plot is AMF i.e. F0 = without AMF, F1 = with AMF 5 g hole-1. The second factor as a sub-plot is the dose of urea fertilizer with 4 levels i.e. N1 = 50 kg N Ha-1, N2 = 100 kg N Ha-1, N3 = 150 kg N Ha-1, N4 = 200 kg N Ha-1. Observations data were evaluated by analysis of variance if the obtained F count was greater than F table 5% followed by a further test of DNMRT at the 5% significant level. Result showed 1) the effectivity of AMF and nitrogen fertilization on sunflowers was able to increase the number of leaves, accelerate the initiation of flowering, increase the diameter of sunflowers, total seeds per plant, the weight of 100 seeds, and seed production per plant, 2) Economically, the application of nitrogen fertilizer with a dose of 150 kg N Ha-1 is more appropriate in increasing the growth and production of sunflowers

Red chili plants are one of the important vegetable commodities and have high economic value in Indonesia, most of them are used for household and industrial purposes. The demand for red chili plants is increasing every year so that efforts are needed to increase the productivity of red chili plants. The objectives of study to determine (1) the effect of the interaction between the application of organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers on the growth and yield of red chili plants, (2) the effect of the type of organic fertilizer and the correct dosage of inorganic fertilizers on the growth and yield of red chili plants. The research was conducted from January to May 2019 in Sumani village, X Koto Singkarak sub District, Solok District with a height of ± 400 meters above sea level. The design was used a factorial design in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 2 factors. The first factor is the use of organic fertilizers derived from cow manure (A1) and straw compost (A2). The second factor is the use of SP-36 fertilizer as a source of phosphate at a dose of 10 g/plant (B1), a dose of 30 g/plant (B2), and a dose of 50 g/plant (B3), each treatment consisting of four sample plants. Data from the observations were carried out by analysis of variance, if the obtained F count was greater than F table 5% followed by a further test of Duncan New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) at the 5% real level. Parameters were observed: plant height, stem diameter, number of fruits, fruit length, fruit weight per plant, and yield of chili per hectare. The results showed that: (1) The results showed that the application of organic fertilizers was better for the growth and yield of Lotanbar chili plants. (2) The provision of cow manure can increase the growth of plant height, fruit length, fruit weight per plant and plant yield per hectare (3) There is no interaction between types of organic fertilizers and the dosage of phosphate fertilizers.