Indonesia is currently facing the double burden of malnutrition. While undernutrition is still a major public health problem, the prevalence of overnutrition is increasing. The objective of the South East Asian Nutrition Survey (SEANUTS) was to provide up-to-date data on nutritional status, food consumption and biochemical parameters related to nutrition for children aged 0·5-12 years. The SEANUTS study in Indonesia was conducted in a nationwide representative sample of 7·211 children using multistage cluster sampling based on probability proportional to size, stratified for geographical location, in forty-eight out of 440 districts/cities. The results show that the growth (weight for age, height for age, weight for height and BMI for age) of Indonesian pre-school-and school-aged children is below the WHO standards. The older the children, the more the deviation from the WHO standard curves. Underweight was more prevalent in rural areas (28·9 v. 19·2 %) and overweight/obesity was observed to be more widespread in urban areas (5·6 v. 3·2 %). The prevalence varied with age groups and sexes. The overall prevalence of stunting was 25·2 and 39·2 % in urban and rural areas, respectively. The prevalence of anaemia was nearly 55 % in children aged 0·5-1·9 years and ranged from 10·6 to 15·5 % in children aged 2-12 years. Fe deficiency was observed in 4·1-8·8 % of the children. The percentage of children with dietary intakes of energy, protein, and vitamins A and C below the Indonesian RDA was high and differed across urban and rural areas and age groups.

Iron and zinc appear to be highly bioavailable from foods made from fortified flour, but zinc sulfate cofortification may have a detrimental effect on iron absorption.

Stunting in children less than three years is manifestation of chronic nutrient deficiency during pre and postnatal period. The objective of this syatematic review is to find and to determine the effects of nutrients intervention on the linier growth of children under 3 years. In this systematic review, Medline, Pubmed, Google Search or bibliography were searched for RCTs and have full text included in this analysis. The 16 articles were meet criteria for further analysis. Out of 16 articles 2 were intervented single nutrient, 6 articles using 2-3 nutrients, 5 article using multi-micronutrients, 3 articles with nutrient and carbohydrate food source. Out of 8 articles which using single nutrient (Vitamin A, Zinc or DHA) and combination single nutrient showed 3 articles have significant effect on linier growth of the children. The supplementation of multri-micronutrient 2 articles showed positive influence to linier growth. There was no significant effect of the intervention using nutrients combined with carbohydrate food source (solid food, porridge, maize) after 6 months. The conclusion was the intervention regarding combating stunting of children less than 3 years were available, whether single nutrient or multi-macronutrients. Though no conclusive to prevent stunting children.